ICT 9

• Array


  Collection of elements with the same data type
• Array

  • Statically allocated from the stock: static arrays have their size fixed
• Bounds Checking


  Checking if array index is within valid range
• Garbage Value


  Calling out an invalid value that is not declared in the index
• RAM


  Random access memory where the data that the processor is currently using is stored
• Errors


  • Logical error
  • Syntax error
  • Run time error
  • Segmentation error
  • Compilation error
• Logical error


  Instructions do not meet the goal, leads to incorrect results
• Syntax error


  Error in the syntax of a code, programmer must fix it before compiling the program
• Run time error


  Uninitialised element
• Segmentation error


  Outside the bound of an array
• Compilation error


  Error in compile time, typo error (e.g. missing ; or " or {)
• Loops


  1. For loop - transverse through elements

  2. Nested for - traversing, for loop within a for loop
• String Functions


  • strlen() - find length of string
  • strcmp() - compare string lexicographically
  • strcat() - concatenate 2 strings, add two strings
  • strcpy() - copy string
• If you want to update, use "assign"
• Logically, the index of an array cannot be negative
• You can function an array
• The default value of a garbage value is not always zero
• You cannot change/resize an array during runtime
• When declaring a string, use "character"
• If there is only one element, the number of elements can be left blank []