science reviewer

• Respiratory system


  The organs in the body that help us to breathe

  
• Circulatory system


  Responsible for distributing materials throughout the body
• The respiratory and circulatory systems are essentially meant for each other. The common purpose could not be attained without the other system
• Respiratory and circulatory systems


  • They work together to transport nutrients, gases, and molecules to and from the different parts of the body
• How the respiratory and circulatory systems work together


  1. Air moves from the nose and mouth to the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

  2. Oxygen goes to the lungs

  3. Blood delivers oxygen to every part of the body

  4. Carbon dioxide is released when we exhale
• A person's lifestyle


  Can affect the performance of the respiratory and circulatory systems
• Trachea


  Empty tube that serves as passageway of air into the lungs
• Bronchi


  Two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
• Bronchioles


  Hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli
• Alveoli


  Airsacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs
• Inhalation


  Diaphragm muscle contracts downward and rib muscles pull upward causing air to fill up the lungs
• Exhalation


  Diaphragm loosens up and the ribs and lungs thrust in, causing the gas to be exhaled
• Oxygen is necessary for life to exist. Without it, the cells in the body would not be able to release the energy in food for power, and they would die within minutes
• When you inhale air, your respiratory system gets oxygen. When you exhale, carbon dioxide is released
• Gas exchange in the respiratory and circulatory systems


  1. Oxygen is picked up in the lungs and delivered to the body's cells

  2. Carbon dioxide is picked up from the body's cells and released through the lungs
• Oxygen is important to the body because it allows cells to release energy from food
• Procedure for Activity 4


  1. Identify the components of the circulatory system

  2. Explain the different types of circulation
• Heart


  Hollow muscular organ, about the size of your fist, located in the center of your chest between the lungs

  
• Heart


  • Double pump that pumps on the left and right sides
  • Divided into four chambers: two atria (receiving chambers) and two ventricles (pumping chambers)
  • Valves act as one-way doors allowing blood to flow forward
• Procedure for Activity 5


  1. Describe how the heart functions

  2. Explain how blood is pumped by the heart

  
• Water in the jar

  Represents the blood
• Heart pump model


  Compared to the human heart

  
• Heart


  Functions as a pump
• Heart model will not function properly if the straw is blocked
• Procedure for Activity 6


  1. Measure and describe your pulse (heart rate) after several different activities

  2. Explain how to use different time intervals to measure your heart rate
• Pulse/Heart rate


  The number of times your heart beats in a minute (BPM or beats per minute)
• Resting pulse


  Slower than pulse after exercising
• Timing for a full minute to find pulse


  Advantage is it gives a more accurate reading
• Timing over a shorter period after exercising


  Advantage is it gives a quicker reading of the increased heart rate
• Maximum heart rate


  Should be 220 minus a person's age
• Procedure for Activity 7


  Explain the negative effects of cigarette smoking on the circulatory and respiratory systems
• Negative effects of cigarette smoking on respiratory and circulatory systems


  • (Various effects listed by students)
• Air entry into the body


  1. Nose

  2. Nasal passages

  3. Windpipe/trachea

  4. Bronchial tubes/bronchi

  5. Bronchioles

  6. Alveoli
• Breathing in/inhaling


  Diaphragm muscle contracts
• Breathing out/exhaling


  Diaphragm muscle relaxes
• Oxygen transport in the body


  1. Air enters lungs

  2. Into left part of heart

  3. Pumped by heart into bloodstream

  4. Reaches cells

  5. Oxygen processes nutrients to release energy

  6. Carbon dioxide given off as waste

  7. Blood delivers carbon dioxide to right part of heart

  8. Pumped to lungs

  9. Carbon dioxide leaves body through exhaling
• Heart


  • Hollow muscular organ, about the size of a fist, located in the center of the chest between the lungs
  • Double pump that pumps on the left and right sides
  • Each side is divided into two chambers - atrium (top) and ventricle (bottom)
  • Valves act as one-way doors, allowing blood to flow forward or out
• Heart rate/pulse


  • Number of times the heart beats per minute
  • Slows down when resting as body does not need as much oxygen
• Cigarette smoking


  • Harms nearly every organ in the body
  • Causes many illnesses
  • Affects health in general
• Cigarette smoking


  • Increases heart rate and blood pressure
  • Causes coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and vascular diseases
  • Causes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cough, colds, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and other respiratory infections