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Paper 1 Biology
bionergectics
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Tya Shadrack
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Cards (43)
Photosynthesis
1. Takes place in the
leaves
2. Takes place in
chloroplasts
3. Chlorophyll absorbs
light
energy
4. Converts
carbon
dioxide and
water
into
glucose
and
oxygen
View source
Photosynthesis is an
endothermic
reaction, where energy is transferred from the environment to
chloroplasts
by
light
View source
Carbon dioxide and water supply for photosynthesis
1.
Carbon dioxide diffuses
into
leaves
through stomata
2. Water is taken up from soil by roots and transported to
leaves
via
xylem
View source
Products of photosynthesis
Glucose
is the main product
Oxygen
is also produced but not as important
View source
Uses of glucose produced by photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Making
cellulose
Making
starch
Making
amino
acids
Making
oils
and
fats
View source
Plant
growth
rate is often dependent on the rate of
photosynthesis
View source
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are
light intensity
, temperature,
carbon dioxide concentration
, and the amount of chlorophyll
View source
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light
intensity
Temperature
Concentration
of
carbon
dioxide
in the air
Amount of
chlorophyll
that the plants have
View source
Chlorophyll
The
pigment
within
chloroplasts
that absorbs the
light
energy
needed for
photosynthesis
View source
Plants have less chlorophyll
They won't be able to carry out as much
photosynthesis
View source
Cellular respiration
An
exothermic
reaction which transfers
energy
from
glucose
and is continuously occurring in
living
cells
View source
Factors that can reduce chlorophyll levels
Disease
(e.g. tobacco mosaic virus)
Environmental
stress
Lack
of
nutrients
(e.g. water)
View source
Limiting
factors for
photosynthesis
are normally
light
,
carbon
dioxide
and
temperature
View source
Cellular respiration
Breaking apart
glucose
molecules
to release the energy that's trapped inside
View source
Graphing limiting factors for photosynthesis
1. Plot
light
intensity
on
x-axis
2. Plot rate of
photosynthesis
on
y-axis
View source
How organisms use their energy
Building up
larger
molecules
from smaller ones (e.g. combining amino acids to form proteins)
Muscular
contraction
for movement
Maintaining
body
temperature
View source
Energy is needed for loads of
reactions
in our
cells
, most of which are
catalyzed
by
enzymes
View source
As light intensity increases
Rate of photosynthesis
increases
View source
The line flattens out when something else becomes the
limiting
factor, such as
carbon
dioxide
concentrations or
temperature
View source
Metabolism
All the chemical processes that occur within a
living
organism
in order to
maintain
life
View source
As carbon dioxide concentration increases
Rate of
photosynthesis
increases
View source
Aerobic respiration
More common type, takes place whenever there's enough
oxygen
, most efficient way to transfer
energy
from
glucose
, takes place
continuously
in both
plants
and
animals
, takes place within
mitochondria
View source
As temperature increases
Rate of photosynthesis
increases
initially, then starts to
drop
as
enzymes
denature
View source
Aerobic respiration
Glucose
+
Oxygen
->
Carbon
dioxide
+
Water
View source
Anything beyond
45
degrees, the enzymes are fully
denatured
and the
rate
of
reaction
falls to
zero
View source
Graphs can show multiple
limiting
factors
, by comparing
curves
at different
conditions
View source
The equation for
aerobic
respiration
is the opposite of the
equation
for
photosynthesis
View source
Farmers creating conditions to increase photosynthesis
Using
greenhouses
to trap
heat
and provide
artificial
light
Pumping in
carbon
dioxide
Using paraffin
heaters
for
heat
and
CO2
Applying
fertilizers
for essential
minerals
Using pesticides to
control
pests
View source
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without
oxygen
, used when there is not enough
oxygen
to keep up with the
demands
of
aerobic
respiration
View source
Creating
optimal
conditions for
photosynthesis
can be
costly
for farmers, so they have to weigh the extra cost against the expected yield increase
View source
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose
->
Lactic
acid
View source
Anaerobic respiration is less
efficient
because it involves
incomplete
breakdown
of
glucose
and leads to
lactic
acid
buildup
View source
Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
Glucose is converted to
ethanol
and
carbon
dioxide
instead of
lactic
acid
In yeast, this process is called
fermentation
and is used to make
bread
,
beer
, and
wine
View source
Exercise
Causes the body to carry out more
cellular respiration
View source
Cellular
respiration during exercise
1. Muscles require more energy
2. Muscles require more
oxygen
3. Breathing rate and volume
increase
4. Heart rate
increases
View source
Insufficient
oxygen during intense exercise
Cells use
anaerobic
respiration
View source
Anaerobic
respiration
Less efficient than aerobic respiration, produces
lactic acid
View source
Lactic acid buildup during exercise
Causes a
burning
sensation in
muscles
View source
Removing
lactic
acid after
exercise
1.
Lactic acid
carried to
liver
2.
Lactic acid
reacts with
oxygen
3.
Lactic acid
converted back to
glucose
View source
Oxygen debt
Extra oxygen needed to remove
lactic acid
after
exercise
View source
See all 43 cards
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