Global Demography

• He wrote the "An Essay on the Principle of Population" which talked about how population growth will inevitably exhaust world food supply.

  Thomas Malthus
• He wrote "The Population Bomb" wherein he argued that overpopulation bring about global disasters leading to food shortage and mass starvation.

  Paul R. Elhrich
• It's the economy, not the babies.

  Betsy Hartman
• Betsy Hartman accused governments of using population control as a "substitute for social justice and much needed reforms

  such as:

  • land distribution

  • employment creation

  • provisions for education

  • health care
• it suggests that populations grow along a predictable five-stage model

  Demographic transition theory
• death rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance

  stage 1
• the death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply

  stage 2
• birth rates fall of due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, increase in the status and education of women, increase in investment in education. Population growth begins to level off.

  stage 3
• birth rates and death rates are both low, creates an economic burden on the shrinking working population

  stage 4
• fertility rates transition to either below-replacement or above-replacement

  stage 5
• DTM


  demographic transition model
• relating to the whole world


  global
• the movement of people from one place to another

  migration
• any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a state away from his/her habitual place of residence

  migrants
• movement of people from one place to another around the world

  global migration
• 2 types of global migration

  internal migration and international migration
• movement within a state of country

  internal migration
• movement of people from one another country to another

  international migration
• 2 types of international migration

  immigration and emigration
• moving into a country of which one is not a native

  immigration
• leaving one's country to move to another

  emigration
• refers to a situation where all or the majority of intelligent, skilled or capable resources within a given field or geographic region leave the area because of various factors including lack of high-paying jobs.

  Brain Drain
• these pull people to come to an area

  pull factors
• these push people to leave an area

  push factors
• political pull factors of migration

  democracy, freedom
• social pull factors of migration

  plentiful food, available services, lots of doctors
• economic pull factors of migration

  job opportunities, better quality of life, good pay
• cultural pull factors of migration

  diversity, interesting culture
• political push factors of migration

  persecution, war
• social push factors of migration

  poor services, lack of education, poor medical care
• economic push factors of migration

  unemployment, poor pay, hazardous working conditions
• cultural push factors of migration

  strict culture, racism