philosophy paper 2

• adoration

  type of prayer

  deep love and respect for god
• ash wednesday

  where catholics attend a service where they are marked with black ashes in the shape of a cross on their forehead
• ascension

  christians believe that after he rose from the dead jesus later went up into heaven

  some believe that this was a physical ascent and others believe that it is symbolic to show that jesus’ time on earth was over

  it is significant because it marks the time when jesus left earth in a physical way but the holy spirit was left behind to lead and guide christians today
• atonement

  belief that jesus’ death on the cross healed the rift between humanity and god
• baptism importance

  a rite of entry that allows people to become members of the christian church

  many christians believe baptism removes original sin

  jesus was baptised as an adult

  it gives an individual an opportunity to publicly claim their faith
• baptism quotes

  "no one can enter god’s kingdom unless they are born of the water” -> with baptism you can enter heaven

  “go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the father, son and holy spirit” -> jesus instructed his disciples to baptise

  “we were buried with him through baptism” -> baptism connects us to the resurrection of jesus
• book of job

  teaches us god does not cause yet allows suffering

  suffering may be down to the work of satan

  suffering may be a test to see how faithful we remain

  the end of the story emphasises that although there is suffering in the world we must trust that god has a greater plan which us as humans can not understand.

  god is greater than us as he is omniscient
• christmas

  a celebration of the birth of jesus

  christians do not believe jesus was born on christmas day but mark this day to focus on the incarnation

  a period known as advent was set aside to allow christians to prepare for christmas

  the eastern orthodox church practices fasting on the lead up to christmas
• christian celebration of christmas

  nativity scenes in schools or churches

  nativity plays in schools and churches

  christingle services in church to show jesus as the light of the world

  carol services

  exchanging cards with a religious image and greeting

  decoration of houses inside and out

  some attend church services on christmas day

  meals with family

  exchanging gifts
• non-religious celebrations of christmas

  school nativity plays become winter concerts

  christmas cards show fun or wintry aspects
• confessional

  type of prayer

  statement of faith
• contemplation

  type of prayer

  meditation
• penitential

  type of prayer

  saying sorry
• praise

  type of prayer

  giving praise for example singing hymns
• supplication

  type of prayer

  asking for something
• thanksgiving

  type of prayer

  saying thank you
• easter sunday

  marks the day of jesus’ resurrection

  christians attend services

  churches are filled with flowers

  they exchange cards with family and friends

  they exchange easter eggs

  they attend services during lent

  they visit cemeteries to leave flowers for the deceased

  they complete personal readings of the bible
• eucharist

  also known as mass or holy communion

  it is a sacrament instituted by jesus at his last supper before his crucifixion where he shared bread and wine

  christians believe it brings them closer to god as is an act of thanksgiving for the life and death of jesus
• evangelism

  preaching of the gospel to others with the intention of converting them to the christian faith

  for example giving out leaflets
• extemporaneous prayers

  spontaneous prayers that some christians view to be more spiritually honest

  some christians reject set prayers as they believe that by repeating them the real meaning is lost and people end up repeating them without thinking about the meaning
• father

  omnipotent and omniscient part of god who is transcendent

  he is the creator of the world but is also able to have a personal and caring relationship with believers
• genesis 1

  "in the beginning god created the heavens and the earth”

  the order of creation is night and day, the heavens, land and plants, the sun, moon and stars, birds and fish, animals and mankind

  on the seventh day he rested

  after each item he created he said that "it was good" which shows that he was pleased with his creation

  it also claims that male and female were made together in the "image of god"
• genesis 2

  explains the creation story slightly differently to genesis 1

  creation is in a different order.

  the most important difference is the creation of mankind

  “then the lord god made a woman from the rib he had taken from the man”

  includes the story of the fall of mankind and the original sin committed by adam and eve which has huge repercussions for humanity today

  this points to the point when the perfect relationship between god and man was broken
• good friday

  remembers jesus' death on the cross
• holy spirit

  the force that was left behind when jesus ascended to lead and guide christians

  it is an immanent form of the trinity often represented as a dove
• holy week

  the week before easter sunday where christians remember the events in jesus’ life that led to his death
• incarnation

  the idea that god became human in the form of jesus
• individual worship

  worship that takes place as well as worship in a church

  helps to form a more personal relationship with god
• infant baptism

  parents and godparents make promises to bring them up in the christian faith

  children often have a confirmation ceremony in their early teens when they can declare their own faith and remake the original promises

  baptists do not believe in infant baptism as they think that a believer should be able to declare their own faith and because jesus was baptised as an adult not a child
• informal prayer

  speaking to god in more day to day informal way

  set prayers are written using formal english which some christians find difficult to relate to so have adopted an informal voice in their prayers

  informal prayer involves communicating with god meditation and personal reflection
• informal worship

  worship that does not have a set structure and is more spontaneous

  this approach emphasises the importance of the holy spirit

  this emphasises the ability to worship anywhere rather than just the church
• judgement day

  when people will be judged by god for how they lived their lives

  this is when jesus will come to earth again in what is known as the ‘second coming’
• lent

  the 40 days leading up to easter which remembers the time that jesus fasted in the desert

  shows the day that the devil tried to tempt him but he resisted

  begins with ash wednesday
• liturgical worship

  worship that follows a set structure

  for example the use of a set book in a service

  for example holy communion or mass
• maundy thursday

  reminds christians of jesus’ last meal with his disciples
• omnibenevolent

  idea that god is all loving

  for example, him paying the ultimate sacrifice in the form of his son jesus christ, to atone for humanities sins
• omnipotent

  idea that god is all powerful

  for example, moses parting the red sea

  for example, in the creation story “god said ‘let there be light’ and there was light”
• palm sunday

  commemorates jesus’ arrival in jerusalem
• parable of lazurus and the rich man

  shows how there is a clear divide between those who will be rewarded in heaven and those who will be punished in hell
• parable of the sheep and goats

  it demonstrates how god will separate those destined for heaven and eternity with god and those destined for hell and eternal separation from god