persdev

• major life events - big events in the life of a person that may either have a positive or negative effect on an individual
• Major crisis - are events that are beyond the control of the individual like natural calamities, major political change
• Daily stressors - regular day-to-day events, hassles, and annoyances that can bring about stress in an individual.
• Distress - is a form of negative stress that is experienced when the situation or event encountered is threatening or overwhelming and one's ability to cope is inadequate
• Eustress - consists of our everyday stresses and is considered as good or positive stress because of the benefits it brings to the people who experience it.
• Stress - is psychological in nature because one's perception and interpretation of stressful events are largely subjective since a stressor for one individual may not be a stressor for another
• mental hygiene - are practices and activities designed to maintain ånd restore mental health by preventing mental disorders
• mental health - is a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his community
• Badbreath - Smoking can cause bad breath and leave an unpleasant taste in the mouth
• Community leaders - provide network connections and linkages among other parts of the community
• teachers - help you improve your intellectual and emotional capacity to handle difficult situations in life
• Friends - are like extended siblings who came from different families.
• Trust vs. Mistrust - Infancy stage where developing a sense of trust in the world and the people around us is crucial
• Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Late adulthood stage where looking back on one's life and feeling a sense of satisfaction or regret is important.
• Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young adulthood stage where developing close, meaningful relationships with others is important.
• Erik Erikson - was a German American developmental psychologist who proposed a psychosocial theory of development.
• Attitude - This stage is also a time when the teenager begins to explore his independence.
• Task 10 — Renegotiate relationships with adults in parenting roles.
• Task 3 —Develop and apply a more complex level of perspective thinking
• Developmental tasks - are processes inherent in every stage of development that need to be accomplished successfully in preparation for other developmental tasks in the next stage of development
• virtue - is defined as “a habitual and firm disposition to do good. It allows the person not only to perform good acts,but also to give the best of himself or herself.
• Universalism– understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and of nature
• Security– safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self
• Shalom H. Schwartz- a psychologist and cross-cultural researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, conducted a research which covered many different peoples and cultures to identify the 10 commonvalues people have regardless of their racial and cultural backgrounds
• Values- At the core of every person lies a system of beliefs that adheres to the highest ideals of human existence. These ideals create meaning and purpose in a person’s life.
• Behavior - is a manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has
• basic human drives- as those that are biologically related such as hunger and thirst
• Affect- is the various emotional experiences such as emotions, moods, and affective traits
• Emotions - is taken from the Latin verb, movare, which means to move or be upset or agitated.
• General Jan C. Smuts - a South African statesman, military leader, and philosopher, wrote about holism in his book Holism and Evolution.
• René Descartes - one of the modern philosophers of our time, he influenced much of mankind’s thinking with his theory of duality or understanding the nature of things in a simple, dual mode
• Holistic development - The key phrase in this chapter that you have to pay attention to is “whole person,” emphasizing the complete aspects of a person or his totality
• “I am your Creator. You were in my care even before you were born.” Isaiah 44:2
• Zorka Hereford - author of 9 Essential Life Skills —A Guide For Personal Development and Self-Realization, says that developing a healthy self-concept needs careful planning and a concentrated effort
• Hereford - gives us four elements that constitute a positive self-concept
• Valued Self - Otherwise known as self-esteem, this refers to the type of self-concept that focuses on how you value yourself as an individual.
• Psychological Self - This is your understanding that you have enduring psychological characteristics. This realization begins during middle childhood and, at this point, you now begin to describe yourself using psychological characteristics like intelligent, friendly, etc. as compared to the characteristics
• Social Self - revolves around the increasing awareness that you are part of society and that you have different roles to play depending on the situation
• Emotional Self - Formed during the early childhood stage, this type of self-concept focuses on emotional regulation where your ability to control and express emotions and emotion-related behavior is acquired.
• Ideal Self - is what you envision to be or who you wish to become.