HOPE 2

• Physical education is one of the important components of education that gives opportunities to attain the knowledge and skills to be physically active and live healthy lifestyle
• Active participation in physical activities will allow the students to develop their potential skills and experiences which, in turn, develop them into healthy members of the society
• Being physically active permits the body systems to function properly with alertness and energy
• Remaining in shape permits a person to efficiently and effectively perform his/her daily tasks that will lead to better output and performance
• Health-related fitness components


  • Cardiovascular endurance
  • Muscular strength
  • Flexibility
  • Muscular endurance
  • Body composition
• Athletics


  Sports involving running, walking, jumping and throwing
• Greeks started to promote track and field and it opened the Olympic Games


  776 B.C
• Athens revived the Olympic Games


  394 A.D
• The Olympic Games is staged every four years


  1896
• In the early stage, the Greeks' participation in athletics was intended to show the strong body and skills of the soldiers
• The beauty of the games caught the attention and interest of more than 5000 people
• In 1923 women were included in the Olympic events
• Track and field was introduced to the Filipinos by the Americans
• Athletics, as part of the local competition, was governed by the Philippines Athletics Track and Field Association
• Athletics followed the rules of International Amateur Athletic Federation as a world governing body for track and field athletics
• Athletics was included as a subject in the Physical Education
• Running Events


  • 100-meter dash
  • 200-meter dash
  • 400-meter dash
  • 800-meter run
  • 1500-meter run
  • 3000-meter run
  • 5000-meter run
  • 4 x 100-meter relay
  • 4 x 400-meter relay
  • 110-meter high hurdles
  • 100-meter hurdles
  • 400-meter low hurdles
  • 3000-meter Steeple Chase
  • Marathon and Walkathon
• Jumping Events


  • Long Jump
  • Triple Jump
  • High Jump
  • Pole Vault
• Throwing Events


  • Shot Put
  • Discus Throw
  • Javelin Throw
  • Hammer Throw
• Running events are played in an oval with eight lanes and the inner most lane measures 400 meters
• The surface of the oval is even and levelled, covered by mixture of sand and cinder, some are combination of asphalt and synthetic rubber
• Sprinters are innately gifted with a larger number of fast-twitch muscle fibers
• Sprinters are naturally more muscular and have a bigger build than long-distance runners
• Endurance athletes or long-distance runners have 90 to 95 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
• Slow-twitch muscle fibers are well suitable for long-duration aerobic activities
• Short sprint distances, ranging up to 400 meters must start with both feet and both hands on the track (crouch start)
• Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt is the fastest man in history with a world record time of 9.58 seconds and the fastest woman is history is Florence Griffith-Joyner with a world record time of 10.49
• Hurdling


  A sport in athletics (track and field) in which a runner sprints and leaps over a series of hurdles, which are set on a track with specific distance apart
• Hurdle heights


  • 110m/100m Men 1.067m, Men U20 0.991m, U18 Boys 0.914m, Women/U20 0.838m, U18 Girls 0.762m
  • 400m Men 0.914m, Men U20 0.914m, Women/U20 0.838m, U18 Girls 0.762m
• Relay


  An event involving four runners per team, with the 4 x 100- and 4 x 400-meter relays being the standard events
• Relay rules


  • False Starting
  • Incorrect baton passing
  • Illegal switching in 4 x 400m
  • Passing of the baton outside the takeover zone
  • Taking or picking up the baton of another team
  • Deliberately impeding, improperly crossing the lane, or interfering with another competitor
• High Jump


  An event where the athlete must run and jump over a bar without knocking it over, landing on a soft cushion
• Long Jump


  An event where the jumper runs down the runway at almost top speed, plants a foot on the takeoff board, and leaps into the air
• Pole Vault


  An event where the vaulter runs down the track holding a pole, plants the end in a metal box, and propels themselves up and over a high bar
• Triple Jump


  An event where the jumper runs, jumps from one foot (hop), lands on the opposite foot (step), and then jumps as far as possible (jump)
• Discus


  A throwing event where the thrower throws a plate-like disc from a concrete circle, maintaining speed, technique, and strength
• Javelin


  A throwing event where the thrower holds the javelin at the grip and throws it, with the tip needing to hit the ground before the specified zone
• Discus


  A plate like or round disc (implement), typically made of plastic with a metal rim
• Discus throw


  1. Thrower's feet cannot leave the circle unless the discus lands on sector area or else the thrower will be at fault, and the throw will not be counted

  2. To achieve maximum distance in the discus, the thrower shall maintain these three components - speed, technique, and strength

  3. The thrower that throws the farthest inside the sector area and without committing any violation wins
• Javelin


  Something like a spear (implement)