Words comment

• Addition


  • Another
  • Moreover
  • And then
  • Similarly
  • Also
  • In addition
  • Likewise
  • As well as
  • Besides
  • Furthermore
  • Besides this
  • In the same way
  • Not only ... but also
• Certainly


  • Obviously
  • Certainly
  • Plainly
  • Of course
  • Undoubtedly
• Sequence


  • After this
  • Then
  • At this point
  • Earlior
  • Later
  • To begin with
  • Initially
  • Following this
  • Another advantag
  • One reason
  • Another reason
  • further reason
  • The final reason
• Reason


  • Since
  • Because
  • Due to
  • Owingto
  • Leads to
  • Cause of
• Consequence


  • Eventually
  • So
  • Then
  • Inthat case
  • Thus
  • Consequently
  • Thereby
  • Therefore
  • As a result
  • Admittedly
  • It follows that
• Condition


  • If
  • Unless
  • Whether
  • Provided that
  • Depending on
• Contrast


  • However
  • On the other hand
  • Despite
  • Inspiteof
  • In contrast
  • Alternatively
  • Although
  • On the contrary
  • Instead of
  • Rather
  • Whereas
  • Nonetheless
  • Even though
• Summary


  • In conclusion
  • In summary
  • Lastly/ Finally
  • To sum up
  • To conclude
  • To recapitulate
  • In short
• Argument


  Topic sentence/claim
• How to build an argument


  1. Write a convincing comment by structuring it logically

  2. Build conclusive arguments to be persuasive
• Argument example


  • People in the US waste too much energy
• Explanation


  Because...
• Evidence


  1. As we can see from...

  2. For instance...
• Paragraph conclusion

  1. Therefore I would say...

  2. As a result...

  3. Consequently...
• Language help

  • Use the simple present
  • Use linking words and phrases to improve fluency and reasonableness
  • Avoid imprecise and overused adjectives/adverbs
  • Vary your sentence structure: participle constructions, subordinate clauses (relative clauses, if clauses...)
• Introduction examples


  • Today, we are repeatedly confronted with the problem of...
  • The general public focuses on the question...
  • Recently there has been heated controversy on the question of (whether)...
  • Politicians/ Experts today believe/ claim/ state that...
  • Nowadays many people think/believe that...
• How to express your opinion


  • In my experience/view/opinion...
  • To my mind...
  • I firmly believe...
  • It seems to me that ...
  • As far as I am concerned...
  • As far as I understand/ can see...
  • I am of the opinion that....
  • It takes the view that.../ It goes without saying...
  • Those who advocate.often argue tha...
  • It might be argued that...
  • So what is it that (makes people do sth../lead to...)?
  • We have to bear in mind, however, that...
  • I am sure/ convinced/certain that...
  • is quite obvious that...
  • There is no doubt that...
  • There are many reasons for...
• How to present an argument


  1. When discussing the issue of ...,you must bear several points in mind...

  2. A number of reasons should be mentioned...

  3. One of the main advantages is...

  4. This also raises questions about...

  5. Proponents/Opponents point out that...

  6. It must be pointed out that...
• Introducing examples


  1. This idea can be best demonstrated by an example...

  2. To illustrate this idea, I would like to explain...

  3. for instance...
• Conclusion


  1. To sum up...

  2. To conclude...

  3. Taking everything into account, I believe...

  4. In conclusion...

  5. In brief...

  6. Thus...

  7. All things considered....

  8. Finally, I wish to point out...

  9. Therefore I think...

  10. It has become obvious that...

  11. My suggestion is that...

  12. If we (don't) act now, there might be...

  13. In conclusion, let me say...

  14. After having read and assessed the arguments carefully I am sure you agree that...
• Comment


  A written expression of your opinion on a certain topic or statement
• How to write a comment


  1. Read the task carefully and form your opinion

  2. Make an outline and collect arguments and examples

  3. Brainstorm ideas for an interesting beginning and ending

  4. Write your comment
• Structure of a comment


  • Introduction: State the issue, paraphrase the quotation, define key words
  • Main body: Provide your arguments, start with weakest and move to strongest
  • Conclusion: Refer to introduction, repeat opinion, summarize main message
• Comment


  Express your opinion and convince the reader by presenting arguments and examples
• Comment


  Differs from "Discuss..." which requires arguments for and against
• The task "Comment on..." (Stellung nehmen) differs from "Discuss..." (Erörtern)
• Wealth Inequality


  The divide between the richest and poorest continues to grow
• A small percentage of people hold the majority of global wealth
• Income Inequality


  Income inequality contributes to the wealth gap, with CEOs earning many times the salary of average workers
• Income inequality


  Can lead to reduced social mobility and heightened social tensions
• Access to Opportunities


  The wealth gap often correlates with unequal access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities, creating systemic barriers for those in lower-income brackets
• Government Policies


  Tax policies, social welfare programs, and labor laws play a role in either exacerbating or reducing the wealth gap
• American Dream


  Traditionally signifies that anyone, regardless of their background, can achieve success through hard work and determination
• Recent trends


  Suggest that social mobility is declining, with economic and educational barriers preventing many from achieving the traditional American Dream
• Diverse Interpretations of the American Dream


  The concept has evolved to encompass not just financial success but also personal fulfillment, family well-being, and community involvement
• Some argue that the American Dream is inherently flawed, reflecting systemic biases and overlooking the impact of structural inequalities on achieving success
• Supreme Court


  The highest judicial body in the United States, responsible for interpreting the Constitution and resolving significant legal disputes
• Supreme Court decisions


  Can have widespread and lasting impacts on American society, influencing civil rights, economic policies, and social issues
• Political Ideology of the Supreme Court


  The composition of the Court, with justices appointed by presidents, reflects the political landscape. The Court's ideological leaning can affect its rulings on controversial issues like abortion, voting rights, and healthcare
• Major Supreme Court Decisions


  • Roe v. Wade
  • Brown v. Board of Education
  • Citizens United