Sexual Animal Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variation and adaptation to changing environments.
• A process in which new individuals form from sex cells or gametes produced by the parents in their sexual organs

  Sexual Reproduction
• Testes produce male gametes (sperm)
• Ovaries produce female gametes (egg or ovum)
• Hermaphrodites are animals which possess both male and female organs
• Gametogenesis is the production of gametes
• Spawning or mating is the bringing of gametes together
• Fertilization is the fusion of gametes
• Sequential Hermaphroditism or Sex reversal is the change in sex in response to social or environmental challenges
• female to male

  Protogyny
• male to female

  Protandry
• physical sexual union

  copulation
• fertilization takes place inside the body of the female

  internal fertilization
• single diploid cell product of the union of haploid sperm and haploid egg

  zygote
• animals that deposits their eggs in the external environment

  oveparous
• Examples of oviparous are birds, frogs, reptiles except snakes
• retain their eggs in their bodies in some ways and release their young to fend for themselves

  Ovoviviparous
• Examples of ovoviviparous are sharks, rays, snakes, fishes, and insects
• Viviparous or placental mammal do not lay eggs but rather the young develops inside the mother’s bod
• Examples of viviparous are humans, mammals, amphibians