Science

• Ecology


  The study of the interactions among organisms and their environment
• Ecologists


  People who study interaction in our ecosystem
• Ecosystem


  A community of biotic components that interact with each other and with the abiotic components
• Biotic components


  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Bacteria
• Abiotic components

  • Weather
  • Climate
  • Temperature
  • Rocks
  • Soil
  • Sun
• Tropical rainforests are usually found in wet tropical uplands and lowlands near Earth's equator
• Layers of the tropical rainforest


  • Emergent layer
  • Upper canopy
  • Lower canopy/Understory
  • Forest floor
• Emergent layer


  • Enormous, umbrella-shaped trees that take up plenty of sunlight
• Symbiotic relationship


  The long-term relationship that exists between two organisms
• Coral reef


  An aquatic ecosystem for different marine plants, animals, and other organisms
• Types of coral reef


  • Fringing reef
  • Barrier reef
  • Atoll
  • Patch
• Mangrove swamp


  An ecosystem between land and the sea of coastal settings
• Ecological relationships


  • Predation
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Competition
  • Parasitism
• Gravity


  An invisible force that pulls or attracts all objects towards each other
• Acceleration


  The rate of change of speed of an object with respect to its time
• Resistance


  It decreases the rate of acceleration of an object by counteracting the force of gravity
• The sun has the strongest gravitational force in our solar system
• Friction


  A special kind of force that acts in the opposite direction as applied force
• Types of friction


  • Static
  • Sliding
  • Rolling
  • Fluid
• Static friction


  It happens when the surfaces of two objects are at rest are in contact with each other
• Sliding friction


  It is a type of friction that happens when two solid surfaces slide over each other
• Rolling friction


  It is a type of friction that acts on the rolling object and the surface it comes in contacts with
• Fluid friction


  It acts on objects that are moving through a fluid such as liquid or gas (air)
• Laws of motion


  • Law of inertia
  • Law of acceleration
  • Law of interaction/action and reaction
• Law of inertia


  The object will remain at rest unless an outside force will make it move
• Law of acceleration


  If the same amount of force is exerted on two objects with different masses, the result of the acceleration will also differ
• Law of interaction/action and reaction


  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
• Energy


  The ability to do work and create change. It produces light, heat, sound, electricity, and movement
• Potential energy


  Stored energy, e.g. energy stored in chemicals
• Kinetic energy


  Energy in motion, e.g. heat, light, mechanical energy, electricity
• Heat


  The energy flowing from a hotter object to a colder object
• Renewable energy sources


  • Solar energy
  • Geothermal energy
• Solar energy


  The energy from the sun, the major source of heat on Earth
• Geothermal energy


  Heat that is generated and stored underneath the surface of Earth
• Nonrenewable energy sources


  Those that cannot be replenished and it takes a long time to replace
• Biomass


  Any organic matter from plants and animals that can be used as fuel or energy source
• Methods of heat transfer


  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
• Conduction


  Heat transfer occurs in solids where they are in direct contact with each other
• Convection


  Heat is transferred through liquids or gases
• Radiation


  Heat transfer does not rely on any contact between the source of heat and the object to be heated