IMMUNOLOGY SEROLOGY

• Complement system are synthesized in the liver
• Lectin pathway is activated by mannose or other sugars on microbe surface
• Classical pathway is activated by antigen-antibody complexes
• Alternative pathway is activated by microbe surface molecules
• What are the analphylaxis?

  c3a, c4a, c5a
• most common compliment deficiency?

  c2
• severe recurrent infections?

  c3
• hereditary angioneuretic edema?

  c1 esterase inhibitor
• dissociates c1r and c1s from c1q?

  c1 inhibitor
• c3 convertase of classical pathway?

  c4b2a
• c3 convertase of lectin pathway?

  c4b2a
• c3 convertase of alternative pathway?

  c3bBb
• c5 convertase of classical and lectin pathway?

  c4b2a3b
• c5 convertase of alternative pathway?

  c3bBb3b
• what factor cleaves factor B?

  factor D
• what factor binds c3b to form c3 convertase in alternative pathway?

  factor B
• what is the recognition unit?

  c1
• activation unit?

  c4, c2, c3
• membrane attack complex?

  c5 to c9
• known as the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), cd59
• this measures the amount of px serum required to lyse 50% of standardizes concentration of antibody sensitizes sheep rbcs, hemolytic titration (ch50) assay
• from one area of the body to another of the same individual, autograft
• between identical twins is syngeinic graft or isograft
• two individuals of the same species is allograft
• two individual of different species is xenograft
• best allograft survival with risk of CJD transmission is cornea
• better survival from a living donor is kidney transplant
• hyperacute is a type of rejection within minutes. it uses humoral mechanism. caused by preformed cytotoxic antibodies to donor antigens
• accelerated is a type of rejection with an onset of 4 weeks. it uses cell mediated mechanism. it is caused by previous sensitization to donor antigens
• acute is a type of rejection that has an onset of less than one month. it is a cell mediated mechanism. it developed allogeneic reaction to donor antigens.
• chronic is a rejection that is greater than 3 months. it has a mechanism of cell mediated. disturbance of host graft tolerance
• graft versus host disease is a cell mediated mechanism, that is cause by grafted immunocompetent T cells reject host cells
• alfa feto protein

  hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc)
• alkaline phosphatase

  bone carcinoma
• bence jones protein

  multiple myeloma
• beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

  testicular carcinoma; choriocarcinoma
• bombesin

  oat cell cancer
• brca-1

  breast or ovarian carcinoma
• c reactive protein

  melanoma
• ca 125

  ovarian carcinoma