BIOLOGY

    Cards (15)

    • Interphase (Cell Resting & Preparation Phase)
      1. G1 phase: Cell increases in size in preparation for cell division, essential molecules and proteins needed for making DNA are produced
      2. S phase: DNA is produced, and chromosomes are replicated
      3. G2 phase: Cell "double checks" and continues to produce essential molecules and proteins and increase in size
    • M Phase (Cell Division Phase)

      1. Prophase: Chromosomes become visible, centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell
      2. Metaphase: Spindle fibers align the chromosomes at the equatorial plate or along the middle of the cell
      3. Anaphase: Paired chromosomes or sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
      4. Telophase: Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, and new nuclear membranes form around the daughter nuclei (karyokinesis) to form daughter cells as the cytoplasm divides into two (cytokinesis)
    • Mitotic Phase or mitosis
      Can be easily remembered with the acronym PMAT
    • Meiosis
      A type of cell division that occurs in germ cells (reproductive cells) and results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
    • Diploid number (2N)

      The cell contains two sets of chromosomes, half from the father and the other half from the mother
    • Haploid number (N)
      The cell contains chromosomes in a single set, equal to half of the diploid number
    • Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes having the same appearance carrying both the genes that control the same traits, except for reproductive or sex cells (gametes) - egg cell and sperm cell
    • Gametes are haploid in number
    • Chromosome
      • An organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells
    • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

      Like a recipe book which contains the instructions for making all the proteins in our body
    • Organelle
      A specialized sub-unit within a cell that has a specific function such as mitochondrion, Golgi bodies, lysosome, vacuole, etc.
    • Karyokinesis
      Division of the nucleus
    • Cytokinesis
      Division of cytoplasm
    • Cell cycle

      The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication, consisting of interphase, mitosis (or meiosis), and cytokinesis
    • Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle