History Russia

• April Thesis

  April 4th 1917
• Key points of April Thesis


  • 'Peace, Land and Bread'
  • 'All power to the soviets'
• Kerensky's June offensive


  June 18th 1917
• 400,000 killed, 170,000 deserted fight/mutinied in Kerensky's June offensive
• Kerensky's June offensive stalled due to soldiers refusing to fight


  July 2nd
• 586 factories closed down, 104,000 lose their jobs during the July Days
• By the end of the July Days there were 100,000-500,000 protestors (rained away- literally)
• Germans came to aid Austrians, Russian army destroyed (end June offensive)


  July 6th
• Kornilov Affair


  19-30 August 1917
• Bolsheviks armed/trained 40,000 radical workers (Red Guard) during the Kornilov Affair
• Bolsheviks gain majority in Moscow/Petrograd

  2/13 September 1917
• October Revolution


  October 25 1917
• PG soldiers got tired of waiting for assault, went to dinner, around 190-200 soldiers left at Winter palace on October 25th 10am
• Lenin released statement to the press on October 25th 10am
• Production reduced to 2/3 level of 1914 (shortage raw material), fuel/food shortages (13 million tonnes short of grain supply) in the initial days of Bolsheviks
• Congress of Soviets continued (AOS2 Starts Here)

  26th Oct 1917
• 2 decrees released: Land and Peace
• Sovnarkom released 116 decrees in the coming months after the October Revolution
• Voting of Constituent assembly

  12th Nov 1917
• 47 million of the 80 million eligible voted in the Constituent assembly election
• Voting for constituent assembly

  Bolsheviks got 24% (175 seats), SR's got 52% (370 seats) in the Constituent assembly election
• First meeting of Constituent assembly

  5th Jan 1918
• State Capitalism


  Transitional stage before communism enforced by Lenin
• State Capitalism was fully recognized in April 1918
• Czech Legion


  Group of 40,000 Czech soldiers allowed to use Russian railways from Vladivostok after the end of fighting at Eastern Front
• Armed forces of South Russia (AFSR)


  Largest white army, major threat an Nov 1919 came within 300km Moscow, forced to retreat/ defeated in 1920
• Kolchak's Siberian Forces


  Defied communist regime from east, formed after Komuch changed to the Provisional All Russian gov (Omsk Siberia) in Sep 1918
• North Western Army


  Formed Oct 1918, led General Yudenich, launched 2 campaign (May/Nov) against Petrograd, disbanded in Jan 1920
• Foreign Interventionists


  Japan sent 70,000 soldiers to east Siberia (Nov 1918), British/Commonwealth troops took control Northern Port Cities (March 1918), Japanese forces arrived Vladivostok in far east (April 1918), US/British troops joined Japanese forces (Aug 1918)
• Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed


  3rd March 1918
• Treaty of Brest Litovsk began after talks of ceasefire on 15 Dec 1917, Germans suspended armistice (Feb 1918)
• Treaty of Brest Litovsk removed 34% of Russia's european population (62 million people) from Soviet control, lost 32% farmland (including Ukraine, major grain source), owed Germany 3 billion roubles (gold) reparation, lost 89% industrial enterprise, lost 26% railways
• Soviet Polish War


  Poland declared independence from Russia, Poland wanted to expand territory to Ukraine, following battle of Warsaw (12-25 Aug) Red Army was forced to retreat
• Treaty of Riga

  18th March 1921
• Treaty of Riga success in Soviet Polish war forced Communists to negotiate armistice, began October 1920, terms: 30 million gold roubles, large areas of Ukraine/Belorussian territory, material for railway production
• Green Forces


  Until Mid-1921, Tambov protected by 40,000 partisans (normal people who fight) led by former SR Aleksandr Antonov so Bolsheviks couldn't enter, by 1920 rebel become very drastic
• Red Army grew from 500,000 members at end 1918 to 5 million men over 2 years, while White held areas only had 8-10 million people
• Lenin shot and wounded (not dead) by SR Fanya Kaplan


  30th August 1918
• Sverdlov and Dzerzhinsky passed decree 'On Red Terror' in Sovnarkom (Lenin absent)

  5th September 1918
• Red Terror

  Zinoviev ordered immediate execution of 500 bourgeoisie hostages after the decree 'On Red Terror'