ATP

• ATP


  Adenosine trisphosphate
• Structure of ATP


  • Ribose
  • Adenine
  • 3 phosphate groups
• Nucleotide derivative


  Modified form of nucleotide
• ADP


  Adenosine diphosphate
• Structure of ADP


  Same as ATP, minus a phosphate
• ATP hydrolysis


  ATP → ADP + Pi
• ATP hydrolase


  Enzyme that catalyses ATP hydrolysis
• ATP hydrolysis


  Can be coupled to energy requiring reactions within cells, to provide energy for active transport, protein synthesis, etc.
• Inorganic phosphate released from ATP hydrolysis


  Can be used to phosphorylate other compounds e.g. glucose, often making them more reactive (i.e. lowers activation energy)
• ATP condensation


  ADP + Pi → ATP
• ATP synthase


  Enzyme that catalyses ATP condensation
• ATP condensation


  Happens during respiration or photosynthesis
• Phosphorylation of ADP


  Another term for ATP condensation
• Properties of ATP


  • Releases energy in small, manageable amounts
  • Only one bond is hydrolysed (single reaction) to release energy
• ATP cannot be stored