Theme 1

• Commodity: grown or mined material from the earth which is traded on the market.
• Cash Crop: crop that is mainly grown for export
• Manufactured Goods: goods made in factories
• MNC: Multi-national company (e.g. Nike, Adidas, Coca-cola)
• Short Term Aid: provides instant relief to victims of natural disasters
• Long Term Aid: aid that is used to help a country developed.
• Charitable Aid: aid funded by the general public
• Urbanisation: the outward growth of an urban area
• Sub-urbanisation: the movement of people in into a suburban area
• Counter-Urbanisation: the movement of people out of an urban area and into a rural area
• Pull Factors: factors that attract people to an area.
• Push Factors: factors that make people want to leave an area.
• Adult Literacy


  The percentage of people over 16 years old in a country or region that can read and write
• Arable Farming


  The type of farming that involves growing crops
• Asylum seeker


  A person who applies to live in a new country to avoid persecution in the country they are trying to leave
• The Brandt Report


  A report produced in 1980 that divided the world into Higher Income Countries (HIC) and Lower Income Countries (LIC)
• BRICM


  Group of main NIC countries consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and Mexico
• Brownfield Site


  A site of derelict land within an urban area that was previously built on, and can be considered for development
• Census data


  The information gained from an official population count
• CBD


  The Central Business District is the main commercial and shopping area of a city
• Community


  A group of people usually living in the same area who share a common origin, culture or religion
• Commuter


  Someone who lives some distance from the workplace and who travels daily to and from work
• Council housing


  A type of housing tenure where the houses are owned by local government and are rented to the people who live in them
• Development Agencies


  These are created by the UK government to provide help in the form of grants, loans, ready-built factories and infrastructure to attract investment into areas of economic decline and high unemployment
• Economic migrant


  A person who moves to another place in the hope of gaining a higher standard of living
• Economic recession


  A period of decline during which some industrial activity closes, people become unemployed and the negative multiplier operates
• Economic recovery


  A period during which economic activity rises from a period of economic recession, new employment opportunities are created and the positive multiplier operates
• European Union (EU)


  A free-trade area established within the member countries in 1993
• Fair Trade


  An initiative set up to ensure farmers of cash crops in LICS receive more money from the profits of sales
• Formal employment


  Official jobs with set hours and rates of pay. People who are formally employed pay direct taxes to the government
• Free Trade


  The movement of goods and services within a country or trade group, which does not require the payment of custom duties
• Gentrification


  The process by which an area (usually inner city) is modernised, services restored, buildings repaired and Brownfield sites developed on
• Globalisation


  The expansion of a company from its original country to a position where it has branches in many countries. These have an important influence on world trade
• Greenfield Site


  An area of land, usually in rural areas, that has not been previously built on
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)


  The total value of all the goods and services produced in country in one year by all the people living in that country
• Gross National Product (GNP)


  The total value of all the goods and services produced by the people of a country in one year, whether or not they are living there at the time
• High order goods


  Items which are bought infrequently and are often expensive. They are sometimes called comparison goods
• High range goods/services


  Goods or services that people are prepared to travel long distances for
• High order goods


  • Goods with a high range
• Higher Income Country


  A country with a higher economic development status