MUSIC

• Acapella- singers performing without instrumental accompaniment.

  Cantabile- in a singing style

  airy voice usually in higher pitches.

  Glissando- sliding quickly between 2 notes

  Passagio- singing voice where register transitions occur.

  Rubato- slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece

  Tessitura- most comfortable singing range of a singer

  Vibrato- rapid repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note
• Vocal music of the Romantic period

  • Romantic artists found inspirations in landscapes
  • Subjects were traditional myths, legends and folklore that usually deals with supernatural, grotesque and less ordinary
  • Vocal music requires singers to perform a greater range of tone color, dynamics, and pitch
  • Opera became an important source of musical expressions
• Bel canto


  Beautiful singing (opera technique)
• Proper posture for singing

  • Erect yet relaxed
  • Promotes efficient breathing which is essential to projection, tone quality, and vocal range
• COMPONENTS OF AN OPERA

  Libretto -text of an opera. Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story.

  Score - the book that the composer and librettist put together.

  Recitative - declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera.

  Aria - an air or solo singing part sung by the principal character.

  Acts - main division of an opera.

  Scene -setting or place.
• Romantic Period Opera Composers


  • Franz Peter Schubert
  • Giuseppe Verdi
  • Richard Wagner
  • Georges Bizet
• Lieder


  German term for composition for solo voice and piano
• Franz Peter Schubert


  • Considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first Romantic ones
• Giuseppe Verdi


  • His characters are ordinary people and not those of the royal family like those found in German operas
  • His much-acclaimed works were La Traviata, Rigoletto, Falstaff, Otello and Aida
• Richard Wagner


  • An advocate of a new form of opera which he called "music drama" where musical and dramatic elements were fused together
• Georges Bizet


  • Entered the Paris Conservatory of music at a very young age
  • His most famous opera is "Carmen"
• TYPES OF VOICES

  Male Singers

  Tenor -highest

  Baritone -middle& common among male voice.

  Bass - lowest

  Female Singers

  Soprano- highest

  Coloratura -highest soprano

  Mezzo-soprano- most common, strong middle voice

  Contralto- lowest and most unique

  Lyric - bright and full sound

  Dramatic- darker full sound
• In the Philippines, SARSUWELA, also known as "drama simbolico" was a traditional theatre genre. It was first introduced by Dario Cespedes. Artists like Isay Alvarez, Robert Sena, Monique Wilson, Jaime Rivera and Lea Salonga became famous not only in the local scene but abroad as well for their roles in musical plays like the "Miss Saigon".