wider issues

• The pervasive use of technology has an impact, not just for individuals, but also for the environment and society as a whole. The ability to make judgements about technology is underpinned by an understanding of the moral and ethical issues and the legal frameworks that are part of our lives.
• Legal issues associated with the use of information technology systems


  • data protection
  • copyright
  • computer misuse
  • intellectual property
• Moral and ethical issues associated with the use of IT systems

  • privacy
  • inclusion
  • civil liberties
  • access
  • accessibility
  • expression
  • association
• Impact of ubiquitous wireless access


  • smart cities
  • location awareness
• Environmental impact of IT equipment


  Occurs throughout the lifecycle of IT equipment, including the construction, use, and disposal of the equipment
• Environmental impact during construction of IT equipment


  • Resource Depletion
  • Energy Consumption
  • Chemical Usage
• Environmental impact during use of IT equipment

  • Energy Consumption
  • E-waste Generation
• Environmental impact during disposal of IT equipment


  • E-waste
  • Landfill Contamination
  • Recycling Challenges
• Mitigation strategies for environmental impact of IT equipment


  • Product Design
  • Energy Efficiency
  • E-waste Management
  • Circular Economy
  • Policy and Regulation
• Positive impact of IT on environmental monitoring


  • Data Collection and Analysis
  • Early Warning Systems
  • Conservation Efforts
• Positive impact of IT on smart houses

  • Energy Efficiency
  • Water Conservation
  • Waste Management
• Positive impact of IT on smart cities

  • Traffic Management
  • Resource Optimization
  • Community Engagement
• Legal frameworks for data protection

  • General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU)
  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (US)
  • California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (US)
• Key issues in data protection


  • Consent
  • Data Security
  • Data Transfer
  • Data Subject Rights
• Legal frameworks for copyright


  • Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) (UK)
  • Copyright Act (US)
• Key issues in copyright


  • Infringement
  • Fair Use
  • Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) (US)
• Computer misuse involves unauthorized access, hacking, and other malicious activities targeting IT systems
• Data protection


  Laws and regulations that govern how organizations can collect, delete, or move their data as applicable under the law
• Copyright


  Law that protects original creative works, such as literature, music, art, and software, from being copied, distributed, or used without permission
• Legal Frameworks for Copyright


  • Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) (UK)
  • Copyright Act (US)
• Copyright Infringement


  • Unauthorized use, reproduction, or distribution of copyrighted material without the creator's permission
• Fair Use


  Determining what constitutes fair use, allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as education, commentary, or news reporting
• Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) (US)


  Addresses issues related to digital rights management and copyright infringement on the internet
• Computer Misuse


  Unauthorized access, hacking, and other forms of illegal activities conducted using computer systems
• Legal Frameworks for Computer Misuse

  • Computer Misuse Act (UK)
  • Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) (US)
• Unauthorized Access


  • Gaining access to computer systems without permission, including hacking into private networks or systems
• Malware


  • Creating, distributing, or using malicious software to gain unauthorized access, disrupt operations, or steal sensitive information
• Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks


  • Overloading a target system or network to make it temporarily or indefinitely unavailable
• Intellectual Property (IP)


  Creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce
• Legal Frameworks for Intellectual Property


  • Patents
  • Trademarks
  • Trade Secrets
  • Industrial Designs
• Intellectual Property Infringement


  • Unauthorized use of patented inventions, trademarks, or copyrighted materials
• Licensing and Royalties


  Determining terms for legally using intellectual property, including licensing agreements and royalty payments
• Counterfeiting


  • Producing or distributing goods under someone else's trademark without authorization
• Understanding and adhering to these legal frameworks are crucial for businesses and individuals using information technology systems to avoid legal issues related to data protection, copyright infringement, computer misuse, and intellectual property violations
• Compliance with these regulations ensures ethical and legal use of IT resources
• Privacy


  The right of individuals to control their personal information, limiting access and use by others
• Data Collection


  • Ethical concerns arise when companies collect excessive or sensitive data without explicit consent from users
• Data Security


  • Safeguarding stored data from breaches, ensuring that personal information is not exposed to unauthorized parties
• Surveillance


  • Balancing the need for security with individuals' right to privacy, particularly concerning government surveillance programs
• Inclusion


  Ensuring that IT systems are accessible and usable by all, regardless of their background, abilities, or circumstances