History: Germany

• Kaiser Wilhelm dismissed Otto Von Bismarck after coming into power
• Kaiser aimed to make germany an important world power and wanted to expand the empire
• what were the navy laws

  laws instituited to rival britian in naval power - supported by the kaiser and admiral Von Tirpitz

  • it provided jobs
  • 1898
  • 1900
  • 1906
  • 1912
• what was the treaty of versailles

  treaty that blamed Germany for the start of ww1

  • Ruhr was invaded by french and belgian forces
  • limited army personnel
  • reparations(6.6 billion)
  • many germans were humiliated at taking the blae for the loss of WW1
• who was the leader of the weimar government

  Friedrich Ebert
• some germans blamed the weimar government for the loss of WW1
• when did the hyperinflation start

  1923 due to huge reparations
• when was the sparticist uprising

  Jan 1919 - failed because they didnt have support
• when Kapp putsch

  march 1920 - failed due to trade union strikes
• when was munich putsch

  led by Hitler

  • 9 Nov 1923
  • timing based on hyperinflation
• how was the hyperinflation a self imposed crisis

  consequence of maintaining passive resistance

  they had to print more money to pay workers
• when was the stresemann era

  1924 - 1929
• middle class suffered worse than working class because working class had trade unions
• intoduction of new currency(rentenmark) stabilised the economy and made it easier to trade with other countries
• what was the Dawes plan

  plan to help germany pay reparations

  • 1924
• hindenburg was elected in 1925
• there were 22 coalition government in the reischtag which were unstable.
• when was the Young plan

  1929

  plan to help germany pay less over a long period of time (to 1980s)
• when was Wall street crash

  october 1929 - led to great depression
• people were tolerant of the weimar government because it was improving their lifestyle
• when was the great depression

  1929 - 1933
• what was the unemployment rate at 1932

  6 million
• increased desperation led to an uprise in votes in the reichstag for extremist parties like the nazis.

  • they had 230 seats by 1932
  • from 12 in 1928
• when was hitler brought to power

  Jan 30 1933
• when was the armistice

  1918, 11 Nov
• when was the reichstag fire

  27 feburary 1933
• Goebbels described the reichstag fire as a communist uprising
• by 23 march Hitler had the enabling act
• how many left-wingers were arrested 3 months after reichstag fire

  25,000
• when and what was the night of long knives

  30 June 1934, Hitler eliminating leaders of the SA to gain support of military
• hindenburg died in JAN 1934 and Hitler called himself Furher
• when was Kristallnacht

  9 november 1938, racism against Jews
• impact of WW2 on germany

  as the war got worse the impacts got worse

  • rationing
  • invasion of russia in 1941(civilian death and destruction)
  • battle of stalingrad(1942 - 1943) - difficulties, labour shortages, women were brought into factories
  • 4 year rearmament plan - created jobs but harsh working conditions - under Herman Goerings
• nazi tactics at consolidation

  • fear and intimidation by SA
  • propaganda fueled hatred and disillusionment of weimar govenrment
  • large rallies to spark debate
• nazi ideals

  women - expected to fufill traditional roles

  churches - comply with Nazi goals

  children - taught nazi ideas form young age
• police state was run by heimch himmler(devote Nazi)

  police survellance - gestapo

  SS - stuffing concentration camps
• oppositon to Nazi

  • white rose - anonymous leaflet campaign(executed)
  • swing youth - resisted Hitler youth(arrested in 1941)
  • Staffenburg bomb plot - attempted assasination of Hitler
  • edelweiss group - preferred american lifestyle