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• The Constitution of the Philippines acknowledges the importance of local governments
• The Constitution provides as a policy that "the State shall guarantee and promote the autonomy of the local government units-especially the barangays- to ensure their fullest development as self-reliant communities
• Levels of local government in the Philippines

  • Provinces and independent cities
  • Component cities and municipalities
  • Barangays
• Local autonomy


  Local governments enjoy local autonomy, but they are also under the general supervision of the President, through the secretary of Department of Interior and Local Government
• Congress enacted the Republic Act 7160, the Local Government Code of the Philippines


  1991
• Purpose of the Local Government Code

  To provide for a more responsive and accountable local government instituted through a system of decentralization, self-reliant communities and active partners in nation building by giving the local governments more powers, authority, responsibilities and resources
• The process of decentralization shall proceed from the National Government to the local government units
• Units of local government in the Philippines

  • Barangay
  • City
  • Municipality
  • Province
• Barangay

  The basic unit of government, made up of at least two thousand (2000) inhabitants certified by Philippine Statistics Authority
• Officials of the Barangay Government

  • Punong Barangay
  • Seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay members
  • Sangguniang Kabataang Chairman
  • Barangay Secretary
  • Barangay Treasurer
  • Lupong Tagapamayapa
• 4 types of power of president
• 1. the power to enforce and administer laws answer: executive power
• 2. the president has the power to appoint government officials in the following posts:
• the president is the chief executive who has the responsibility to carry out government decisions.
• as a commander-in-chief of AFP the president can offer AFP prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion exercised through the department of national defense
• Suffrage is universal at age eighteen
• The current electoral system was established under the 1987 constitution
• Commission on Audit is responsible for running the elections
• Political parties are required to have chapters in a majority of regions, and within each region, a majority of provinces, down to towns and barangays
• Voters make a choice in accordance with the policies and programs presented by every political party during elections
• Suffrage


  The right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public questions submitted to the people
• Suffrage


  • A mere privilege
  • A political right
• Scope of suffrage


  • Election
  • Plebiscite
  • Referendum
  • Initiative
  • Recall
• Qualifications of voters


  • Citizen of the Philippines
  • Not otherwise disqualified by law
  • At least eighteen (18) years of age
  • Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place wherein he proposes to vote for at least six (6) months preceding the election
• The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines established the Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
• Powers and functions of COMELEC


  • Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall
  • Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all contests relating to the elections, returns, and qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and city officials, and appellate jurisdiction over all contests involving elective municipal officials decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction, or involving elective barangay officials decided by trial courts of limited jurisdiction
• Political Party


  An organized and presumably durable association, either of individuals or of distinguishable groups of individuals, which endeavors to place its members in governmental offices for the purpose of bringing about the adoption of favored political policies or programs
• Types of political systems


  • One-party system
  • Multiparty system
• Commission on Elections (COMELEC)


  The establishment that enforces and administers all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall
• Powers and functions of COMELEC


  1. Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall

  2. Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over all contests relating to the elections, returns, and qualifications of all elective regional, provincial, and city officials, and appellate jurisdiction over all contests involving elective municipal officials decided by trial courts of general jurisdiction, or involving elective barangay officials decided by trial courts of limited jurisdiction

  3. Decisions, final orders, or rulings of the Commission on election contests involving elective municipal and barangay offices shall be final, executory, and not appealable
• Political Party


  An organized and presumably durable association, either of individuals or of distinguishable groups of individuals, which endeavours to place its members in governmental offices for the purpose of bringing about the adoption of favoured political policies or programmes
• Characteristics of a Political Party


  • Its objective is to control the exercise of governmental powers by placing its own members in the public offices through which the policies of government are determined
  • Its intention is to use governmental powers for purposes which meet with the general approval of its leaders and the rank and file of its membership
• Types of Electoral System


  • One-party system
  • Bi or two-party system
  • Multiparty system
• One-party system


  • North Korea, China
• Bi or two-party system


  • In the US – Republican vs Democrats
• Multiparty system


  • Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Indonesia, South Korea
• Political Parties in the Philippines


  • Nacionalista Party
  • Liberal Party
  • Lakas-CMD
  • PDP-LABAN
  • Nationalist People's Coalition
  • Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
  • Akbayan
  • Philippine Democratic Socialist Party
• Requirements for Political Parties in the Philippines


  • Register with COMELEC with a verified petition with attachments including a constitution, by-laws, platform, and such other information as may be required by the COMELEC
  • Have chapters in a majority of regions, and within each region, a majority of provinces, down to towns and barangays