history

• the Cold War: what was the domino theory

  concern that once one country had fallen to communism, nearby countries would to
• the Cold War: what was the Truman doctrine

  the USA's policy to stop communism spreading. President Truman offered help to any country that was under threat
• the Cold War: what was the airlift

  blockade airplanes were used to transport goods. the cargo included foods, clothes, medicine supplies and even petrol and oil
• the Cold War: what was the Marshall aid

  George C Marshall offered 13 billion dollars in aid to the countries that were trying to reconstruct after the war
• the Cold War: what was the blockade

  aim was to force the west to surrender their region by depriving the people of food. Soldiers of the Soviet Union blocked access routes between West Berlin and West Germany
• the Cold War: what was the end of the blockade

  Stalin believed that it would be impossible for the West to continue supplying Berlin. Abolish the new currency
• crime and punishment: name the types of crime

  crime against a person, crime against property, crime against authority
• crime and punishment: what is retribution

  this was when the punishment given to someone was intended to get revenge for their crime. for example death penalty
• crime and punishment: what is deterrence

  this was when the punishment given to someone was intended to discourage them from committing further crimes. for example public whipping, stocks and transportation
• crime and punishment: what is reform

  this was when the punishment given to someone was intended to help improve their character and given them the opportunity to contribute positively to society. for examples include prison and community service
• crime and punishment: Medieval England, c1250-c. 1500

  this period is sometimes referred to as the "Middle Ages"
• crime and punishment: Renaissance England, c1550-c.1700

  this period is sometimes referred to as "Early Modern"; the Reformation- when the monarch took power away from the Church- happened during this period
• crime and punishment: The Industrial Revolution, c.1700-c.1900

  the second half of this period is sometimes referred to as the "Victorian" period, after Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901
• crime and punishment: Modern Britain, c.1900- present

  the very early 1900s are sometimes referred toes the " Edwardian" period
• Change

  When something is different from what it was before
• Continuity

  When something is the same as what it was before
• Progress

  When there is positive change or improvement and things get better
• Regression

  When there is negative change and things get worse
• Rate of change

  The speed at which change happens eg., slow, fast
• Trend

  A general direction in which something is developing or changing
• Turning point

  A point at which significant change happens
• Factor

  An element that drives change, enables change to happen or supports continuity- e.g., the Church, government
• crime and punishment: Medieval England

  the Church remained highly influential throughout Anglo-Saxon and medieval England. The influence of the Church can be seen in their roles of Law Enforcement. It was believed that God decided on the guilt of individuals following a trail by ordeal.
• crime and punishment: Early Modern England

  The Church continued to be influential in early modern England, where its influence continued until after there Reformation. The Reformation saw witchcraft become a crime and an increase in the crimes of heresy and treason. The increase in these crimes against authority led to more severe punishments being used, including the burning of heretics and public hangings
• crime and punishment in Whitechapel: housing, crowding and crime

  there were housing full of lodgings where poor people stayed, so there is overcrowding conditions.
• crime and punishment: the MET police 


  1842 was when the MET was set up. the CID had 216 officers.
• crime and punishment: H division

  it was ran by a superintendent constable and a chief inspector. there were 575 police officers including constables and detectives for the population of about 37,000 in Whitechapel
• crime and punishment: the difficulties of policing in Whitechapel

  alcohol, prostitution, gangs, immigration, attacks on jewish people
• views towards policing in Whitechapel

  in Whitechapel police were viewed more negatively than other areas in London because of the widespread of poverty. the police were often attacked by violent gangs as they were seen as the upholders of unpopular government decisions
• views towards policing in Whitechapel

  some people recognised the good work of the H division police in providing soup kitchens and looking after homeless and stray children
• describe 2 features of the work of H Division in Whitechapel (4 marks)

  H Devision would go out on the beat. They would patrol certain areas in Whitechapel and talk to redistants. Also the police work really difficult. The police were outnumbered due to the population