Criticisms

• Different, not deprived:

  Keddie argues the child can't be lacking its own culture, education just favours a different culture. Schools should challenge anti w/c prejudices.
• Labelling:

  The idea of cultural deprivation and underachievement is just a negative label from teachers to working-class families
• Troyna and Williams argue it's not the child's language, but the school's attitude to it, with teachers having a 'speech hierarchy'
• George argues Bernstein oversimplified and exaggerated the differences between middle-class and working-class speech
• Victim-blaming

  CD blames w/c mentality not what causes it in society - poverty.