Week 6 - 7

• Toxicology


  A scientific discipline that overlaps with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine
• Toxicology


  • Involves studying the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxins
• Allergens


  An antigen that produces an abnormally potent immune response where the immune system targets and fights a threat or an invader that could potentially harm the body
• Allergens


  Recognized by the immune system to cause an allergic reaction
• Neurotoxins


  Toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue
• Neurotoxins


  • An extensive class of exogenous chemical, neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue
• Mutagens


  Physical or chemical agent that causes an increase in D.N.A. modifications by altering the organism's D.N.A.
• Teratogens


  Any agent that can disrupt embryonic or fetal development causes a child's congenital disability or may completely cease the pregnancy
• Teratogens


  • These agents include radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, or drugs
• Carcinogens


  Any substance or agents that promote cancer development (carcinogenesis), causing genome damage or disruption of cells' metabolic processes
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (P.O.P.s)


  Organic compounds are resistant to biochemical, photolytic, and other environmental degradation processes
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (P.O.P.s)


  • FOREVER CHEMICALS: Bioaccumulate with potentially detrimental effects on ecological and human health
• Acute effects


  A physiological reaction in a human or animal body which cause severe symptoms that could rapidly develop through acute exposure to toxic substances
• Acute effects


  • It may lead to chronic health effects if the cause is not removed
• Chronic effects


  An adverse effect on animals or the human body with symptoms that develop slowly
• Chronic effects


  • Due to prolonged and continuous exposure to low concentrations of a hazardous substance
• Risk Assessment


  The combined effort of identifying and analyzing potential events can negatively affect individuals, assets, and even the environment
• Risk Assessment


  • It also makes mindful judgments on the tolerability of the risk analysis and examines factors influencing it
• Risk Management


  The evaluation, prioritization, and identification of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to control, monitor, and minimize the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities
• Pesticides


  Chemical compounds used to eliminate pests, such as insects, rodents, fungi, and weeds
• Pesticides


  • These chemicals are also used in public health to kill disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) and pests that damage crops
• Herbicides


  Pesticides used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
• Herbicides


  • There are selective herbicides that explicitly target a weed/s by interfering with its growth without harming the desired crop
• Insecticides


  Any substances that formulate to eliminate or mitigate insects, including bovicide's, which are used against insects and larvicides to kill insect larvae
• Fungicides


  Biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms (plants or animals) used to kill parasitic fungi, or their spores can cause severe damage in agriculture, resulting in decreased yield, crop quality, and profit
• World Health Organization (WHO)

  Defines health as the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being