Module 6

• The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active engagement, and small device use
• AI − IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect of life with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks.
• Connectivity − New enabling technologies for networking and specifically IoT networking, mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a much smaller and cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small networks between its system devices
• Active Engagement − Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens through passive engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service engagement.
• Small Devices − Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful over time. IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and versatility.
• Sensors − IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments that transform IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
• Sensing Layer The main purpose of the sensing layer is to identify any phenomena in the devices’ peripheral and obtain data from the real world.
• Motion sensors measure the change in motion as well as the orientation of the devices. There are two types of motions one can observe in a device: linear and angular motions.
• Environmental Sensors Sensors such as Light sensors, Pressure sensors, etc. are embedded in IoT devices to sense the change in environmental parameters in the device’s peripheral.
• Position sensors of IoT devices deal with the physical position and location of the device.
• The network layer acts as a communication channel to transfer data, collected in the sensing layer, to other connected devices.
• • The application layer implements and presents the results of the data processing layer to accomplish disparate applications of IoT devices.
• The data processing layer consists of the main data processing unit of IoT devices.
• Consumer connected devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, wearables, and smart appliances
• smart meters, commercial security systems and smart city technologies such as those used to monitor traffic and weather conditions are examples of industrial and enterprise IoT devices
• Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances to avoid accidents and save energy.
• Weather: Displays outdoor weather conditions such as humidity, temperature, pressure, wind speed and rain levels with the ability to transmit data over long distances.
• Smart Home Appliances: Refrigerators with LCD screen telling what’s inside, food that’s about to expire, ingredients you need to buy and with all the information available on a smartphone app. Washing machines allowing you to monitor the laundry remotely, and. The kitchen ranges with the interface to a Smartphone app allowing remotely adjustable temperature control and monitoring the oven’s self-cleaning feature.
• Safety Monitoring: cameras, and home alarm systems making people feel safe in their daily life at home.
• Intrusion Detection Systems: Detection of window and door openings and violations to prevent intruders.
• Energy and Water Use: Energy and water supply consumption monitoring to obtain advice on how to save cost and resources, & many more.
• Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments.
• Lightning: intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights.
• Safety: Digital video monitoring, fire control management, public announcement systems.
• Transportation: Smart Roads and Intelligent High-ways with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams.
• Smart Parking: Real-time monitoring of parking spaces available in the city making residents able to identify and reserve the closest available spaces.
• Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes. Garbage cans and recycle bins with RFID tags allow the sanitation staff to see when garbage has been put out.
• Green Houses: Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the production of fruits and vegetables and its quality.
• Compost: Control of humidity and temperature levels in alfalfa, hay, straw, etc. to prevent fungus and other microbial contaminants.
• Animal Farming/Tracking: Location and identification of animals grazing in open pastures or location in big stables, Study of ventilation and air quality in farms and detection of harmful gases from excrements.
• Offspring Care: Control of growing conditions of the offspring in animal farms to ensure its survival and health.
• Field Monitoring: Reducing spoilage and crop waste with better monitoring, accurate ongoing data obtaining, and management of the agriculture fields, including better control of fertilizing, electricity and watering. S