chap 3

• Analysis


  The meticulous study of research variables to learn about their constituent parts & how they are related to each other within the given research problem
• Research data


  Factual info. used to analyze research variables and produce relevant research results
• Common ways to analyze qualitative data


  • Thematic analysis
  • Narrative analysis
  • Content analysis
• Thematic analysis


  1. Read and annotate transcripts

  2. Identify themes

  3. Develop a coding scheme

  4. Code the data
• Themes in thematic analysis


  • Ordinary themes
  • Unforeseen themes
  • Hard to classify themes
  • Major and minor themes
• Narrative analysis


  The researchers look narratively within each case, focusing on how stories are made rather than on the outcome of the narrative
• Content analysis


  Enables the researcher to focus on human behavior indirectly
• Ways of looking for patterns in qualitative data


  • Frequencies
  • Magnitude
  • Structure
  • Processes
  • Causes
  • Consequences
• Data processing


  Any operation done on the data, may be processed using computer programs and presented in textual, tabular, or graphical formats
• Data presentation methods


  • Textual presentation
  • Hierarchical tree diagrams
  • Ideas in figures
  • Maps
  • Tabular presentation
  • Graphical presentation
• Tabular presentation


  Systematic arrangement of related data in which a row is designated to each group of numerical data and a column for each subgroup, often using Hindu-Arabic numbers
• Types of tables


  • Demographic table
  • Comparison table
• Graphical presentation


  Uses graphs that may represent individual categories and descriptive statistics
• READ AND ANOTATE TRANSCRIPTS

  • Researchers can have a feel for the data because primary observations are provided
• IDENTIFY THEMES

  • Researchers looks at the data in detail to identify themes
• IDENTIFY THEMES

  Themes must be enumerated and notes must be made as abstract as possible
• 1. ORDINARY THEMES

  • Researchers are expected to find
• B. UNFORESEEN THEMES

  • Researchers DO NOT expect to come out in the investigation
• C. HARD TO CLASSIFY THEES

  • Researchers find it difficult to classify bcs they OVERLAP with one another
• D. MAJOR AND MINOR THEMES

  • Those that researchers represent as major and secondary ideas in the database
• 3. DEVELOP A CODING SCHEME

  • initial themes can be collected to develop a coding scheme.
  • Each broad code has a number of subcodes.
• 4. CODE THE  DATA

  • apply these codes to the whole data set.
• CONTENT ANALYSIS

  enables the researcher to focus on human behavior indirectly.
• LOFLAND and COLLEAGUES (2006)

  Presented the six ways of looking for patterns
• FREQUENCIES 

  • how often a situation occurred
• MAGNITUDE

  • provides the level of the situation
• STRUCTURE

  • gives information about types and relationships that exists in the given situation.
• PROCESSES

  • order and variation in the given research interest
• CONSEQUENCES

  • The effects and the changes that the situation caused
• CAUSES 

  • how common and how often the causes are
• DATA PROCESSING

  • any operation done on the data.
• DATA PRESENTATION

  • the process of arranging data into logical, sequential, and meaningful manner to make them acceptable for analysis and interpretation
• TEXTUAL PRESENTATION

  • uses statements with numerals or numbers to describe data
• 2. IDEAS IN FIGURES

  • Illustrations with boxed themes showing connections
• 1. HIERARCHICAL TREE DIAGRAMS

  • interconnections of sub themes can be presented visually
• 3. MAPS

  • it can depict location of the research setting easily and clearly
• TABULAR PRESENTATION

  • suggested to present relationships of a given set or numerical information.
• DEMOGRAPHIC TABLE

  • provides information about personal or demographic information of the research subjects or setting.
• COMPARISON TABLE

  • Compares groups under one theme.
• GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

  • uses graphs that may represent individual categories and descriptive statistics.