III

• An inquiry is a method that has the aim of extending knowledge, undertaking doubt, or solving a problem
• Investigation


  The action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research
• Immersion


  A process whereby researchers immerse themselves in the data they've collected by reading or examining some portion of the data in detail
• Research


  The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
• Research (in the scientific sense)


  An active process of identifying a research problem needing a solution and then systematically gathering, examining and interpreting knowledge about how to resolve that problem
• Goal of Research

  • The main goal of research is to produce new knowledge
  • Research empowers us with knowledge and it is important also for the students because it helps them to have a detailed analysis of everything
• Characteristics of the Research Process


  • Systematic
  • Controlled
  • Empirical
  • Critical
  • Cyclical
  • Universal
  • Replicable
• Systematic


  Research is done in an orderly manner; it follows a system that applies logic at many points. It has process that needs to be done to come up with the best results. Being systemic leads to accuracy, reliability and validity of the research work
• Controlled


  Research is planned and does not allow any guess work, problem is thoroughly defined, variables are identified and instruments are carefully selected or constructed
• Empirical


  Research conclusion are based on evidences gathered carefully through the use of carefully selected or formulated instruments. Opinions are not acceptable until with concrete and valid proof of claims and evidences
• Critical


  Research has compelling conclusions which enable the researcher to develop full confidence in the result or outcome of research. It maximizes the use of critical and logical thinking skills
• Cyclical


  Research starts with a problem and ends of a problem. One cannot go with a research without any problem that needs immediate or lasting solutions
• Universal


  Research with research processes and procedures are transmittable which enable the other researchers to replicate them assess their validity. Note: replication is not similar to duplication which might lead to copyright issues, and plagiarism
• Replicable


  The researcher may use the results of a study and/or build upon the research results of another
• The researcher must know the classification of research he wants to pursue before engaging in research writing
• Classification of Research (According to The Purpose/s)


  • Basic Research
  • Applied Research
• Basic Research


  Research that seeks knowledge for its own sake. It is aimed toward discovery of the basic truth or principles. Its objective is to add information or knowledge and not necessarily to produce results of immediate practical solution to a problem or no one that will facilitate decision making
• Applied Research


  Also known as the field research, it is a research that is done to discover something with practical use. It is conducted to solve problem or evaluate something of interest
• Classification of Research (According to Statistical Content)


  • Qualitative Research
  • Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research


  Is based in gaining insight and understanding about an individual's experience and reality. It makes use of biographies, feelings, views and ideas of individuals which may take the form of any of the following inquiries: phenomenological. Ethnographic, anthropological and historical
• Quantitative Research


  Emphasize objectivity, precision and rigorous measurements, structured data gathering. It is concerned with objectivity and ability to generalize the findings to others and such utilizes inferential statistics such as correlation, chi-square, t-test or analysis of variance to determine the result of the investigation. The quantitative approach utilizes the experimental design, quasi-experimental, and the non-experimental design
• Classification of Research (According to Time Element)

  • Historical Research
  • Descriptive Research
  • Experimental Research
• Historical Research


  Describes past events involves investigating, recording, analyzing and interpreting the events of the past to discover generalizations that will help understand the past and the present and to a limited extent, anticipate the future
• Descriptive Research includes survey and fact- findings enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of state of affairs as it exists at present. In social sciences and business research we quite often use the term Ex post facto research for descriptive research studies.
• Descriptive vs. Analytical
• Analytical Research - the researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyze theses to make a critical evaluation of the material.
• Fundamental Research is mainly concerned with generalizations and with the formulation of a theory.
• Applied Research aims at findings a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization
• Applied vs. Fundamental
• Qualitative Research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomena, i.e., phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind.
• Quantitative Research is based on the measurements of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
• Quantitative vs. Qualitative
• Empirical Research relies an experience or observation alone, often without due regard for system and theory.
• Conceptual Research is that related to some abstract idea(s) or theory. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
• Conceptual vs. Empirical