P.E

• Physical Education


  An integral part of the educational system that promotes an individual's physical, social, emotional, and mental development through a well-selected physical activity program
• Physical Development


  • Physical fitness, which is the body's capacity to engage in work and play without undue fatigue, is the foremost aim
  • Fundamental movement skills, games, sports, and dances skills can increase one's capability to enjoy lifetime recreational pursuit
• Mental Development


  • Acquiring knowledge and understanding, analyzing body movement skills, evaluating game situations, and making critical decisions
  • Understanding the games' rules leads to better performance or appreciation of activity if one is a spectator
  • Creativity can be enhanced if the learner has a rich background and exposure to various physical activities
• Social Development


  • Learns to respect others and practice fair play, sportsmanship, teamwork, and developed leadership
  • Understands the game of life – the application of the golden rule
• Emotional Development


  • Acquiring pleasant attitudes, desirable habits, appreciation, and values
  • Positive character traits such as courage, self-confidence, discipline, appreciation for stunning performance, and self-expression are developed and become part of an individual's way of life
• Bloom's Taxonomy of Behavioral Objectives


  • Psychomotor Objectives
  • Cognitive Objectives
  • Affective Objectives
• Psychomotor Objectives


  • Develops the student's endurance, strength, flexibility, balance, and agility
• Cognitive Objectives


  • Develops analysis, reasoning power, and decision making as well as rules, strategies, and safety measures
• Affective Objectives


  • Develops courage, self-discipline, self-expression, aesthetic appreciation, cooperation, sportsmanship, respect, and leadership
• Special considerations may be necessary regarding physical activities for some students with health issues, and those students should proceed under the direction of a doctor
• Physical Fitness


  • One of the core conditions of health that ensures the effective working of the entire body system
  • The ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living
• Physical Fitness


  • Involves the optimum performance of the lungs, heart, and muscles
  • Fitness somewhat influences our mental alertness and emotional stability
  • We need to take measures like engaging in physical activities, improving our diet, and the daily dose of exercise to remain physically fit
• Components of Physical Fitness


  • Health Related
  • Skill Related
• Body Composition


  • The ratio of lean mass to the amount of fat in the body
  • High composition of fat increases the risk of heart complications and heart disease
• Muscular Strength


  • The maximum amount of force a muscle can produce
  • Resistance training like bodyweight exercises, weightlifting, and resistance band exercises help improve muscle strength
  • Climbing hills, cycling, and running are also better ways to enhance muscle strength
  • One-rep-max is the common way to test one's muscular strength
  • Improved muscle strength promotes physical fitness as it prompts the body to use more calories to burn fat
• Muscular Endurance


  • The ability of muscles to perform activities without feeling fatigued
  • The better the muscle endurance, the less fatigued you will feel
• Cardiorespiratory Endurance


  • The effective coordination of the lungs and heart to provide fuel and oxygen to the body during times of sustained workload
  • Effective execution of cardiovascular exercises improves the elasticity of the blood vessels, heart's contraction strength, and blood efficacy in carrying oxygen
  • Trainers use Step Test and Cooper Run to assess the cardiovascular endurance of the trainees
• Flexibility


  • Insufficient flexibility makes the growth of the joints and muscles stiff, limiting one's movement
  • Flexibility training allows the body to move through its fullest motion range without facing stiffness or pain
  • Plays a vital role in unhindered movement and affects one's agility, coordination, and balance
  • A perfect motion reduces the risk of injury and improves athletic performance, directly impacting one's fitness
• Agility


  • The capacity to change direction effectively and quickly while maintaining body posture
  • Agility exercises will help you improve your performance
  • Agility training improves balance, mind-body coordination, flexibility, and one's recovery time as well
• Reaction Time


  • The time taken to respond to external stimuli
  • The lower the reaction time, the better the skill is
• Power

  • The maximum force a muscle group can apply in the shortest period
  • Power is the muscle's ability to exert optimum force in a short time, like swimming or running
  • Power contributes directly to cardiovascular endurance
• Speed


  • The ability to move the body or parts of the body quickly
  • Speed is an important component of physical fitness and is crucial for many sports and activities
• Agility


  The capacity to change direction effectively and quickly while maintaining body posture
• Agility


  • Helps one acquire the skill of pivoting quickly, moving limbs, and turning
  • Improves balance, mind-body coordination, flexibility, and one's recovery time
• Reaction time


  The time taken to respond to external stimuli
• Power


  The maximum force a muscle group can apply in the shortest period
• Speed


  The movement of upper and lower limbs on the ground fast, like throwing, grabbing, or pulling objects
• Accuracy


  The body's ability to direct the body muscles and force towards a particular direction
• Movement


  A succession of body changes, which takes place one after the other
• Locomotor


  Movement that carries the body from one place to another through space
• Non-locomotor


  The body's movement on a stationary or fixed base position, a movement around its axis
• Basic movement skills


  Physical activity which will provide safety, pleasure in work, and play if performed correctly and smoothly without strain
• Muscle


  Fibrous tissues consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produced motion
• Main functions of muscles


  • Control of openings and passageways
  • Movement
  • Role in communication - speech, writing, and nonverbal communications
• Characteristics of muscle


  • Stability
  • Excitability
  • Contractibility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
• Body type/somatotype

  The idea that there are three generalized body compositions that people are predetermined to have: endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph
• Characteristics of ectomorph


  • Long and lean
  • Little body fat, and little muscle
  • Hard time gaining weight
• Characteristics of mesomorph


  • Medium build, rectangular/wedge body shape
  • Wide broad shoulders
  • Fairly lean with a hard body
  • Can gain muscle easily
  • Are usually strong
  • Muscled arms and legs
• Characteristics of endomorph


  • A pear-shaped body
  • A rounded head
  • Wide hips and shoulders
  • Wider front to back rather than side to side
  • Typically has short arms and legs
  • A lot of fat on the body, upper arms, and thighs
• Balanced diet

  A complete food, a diet contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for proper growth & maintenance of body