Places

• Endogenous Factor Place profile: built environment, natural environment, demographic, socio-economic, political, cultural
• Exogenous factors Connections: People, Resources, Money, Investment and Ideas
• Space A physical location
• Place The feelings towards or identity of a space
• Place Perception - Subjective thoughts and feelings on a place which can be determined by a person's characteristics, emotional attachment or sources representing a place.
• Place Perception can change based on... Age, Gender, Sexuality, Role and Religion
• Inequality The idea that different people experience different standards of living
• Spatial Inequality The unequal distribution of factors like income, education or health across geographical space at any scale
• Quality of life The extent to which people's needs and desires are met
• Standard of living The ability to access services and goods like food, water and housing
• HDI Human development index comprising of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators
• Chloropleth Map Advantages ☆ Can easily see the range of values in individual areas ☆ Easy identification ☆ Able to see regional patterns
• Chloropleth Map Disadvantages ☆ Can't see patterns within individual countries ☆ Suggests abrupt changes between one area and the next ☆ More difficult to identify data for smaller areas or countries
• Gini Index Most widely used measure of inequality in the country. It looks at the distribution of a nation's income or wealth. 0 is perfect Equality, 100 is perfect INequality
• Relative Poverty The standard of living for those in poverty is lower than the general living standards of the rest of the social group. In the UK, households that earn less than 60% of the median household income are in relative poverty
• Absolute Poverty Those living in poverty do not have the basic necessities for survival, food shelter, medication etc. The world bank says it's anyone living on under US $1.90 a day
• IMD Index of multiple deprivation. Ranked categories or Income, Employment, Education etc.
• IMD Pros & Cons Advantages - Deprived areas are easily indentifiable - You can explore the categories of deprivation Disadvantages - Doesn't tell you how deprived an area is, only how it relates to the rest of the country - Can't tell who is deprived in each area
• Key Measure of Inequality: Housing Housing tenure is an important indicator of social inequality. In many ACs, owners will borrow money as a mortgage and are able to own their house outright. Others will rent from private landlords or the council. Charities also offer subsidised housing for rent.
• Key Measure of Inequality: Education In the UK, higher standards of education tend to be seen in more affluent areas as teachers are more likely to live in affluent areas so schools have a choice of who to hire
• Key Measure of Inequality: Healthcare In the UK, depending on where you live, the medical provision through the NHS varies. This means differences in morbidity and life expectancy.
• Key Measure of Inequality: Employment Whether a household includes someone who is in receipt of regular income has a profound impact on the standard of living and quality of life of people
• Consequences of Poverty and Inequality - Health problems - Housing problems - Being a victim or perpetrator of crime - Substance abuse - Lower educational achievement - Homelessness
• Governments role in reducing inequalities Public spending such as: The NHS, The Police, Welfare Benefits like the State Pension, The UK's energy supply
• Inequality can be reduced by: - Public spending - Introduce minimum wages and strengthen working regulations - Redistribute wealth through taxation
• Inequality can be reinforced by: - Consequences of investing in some locations and not others - Impact of fiscal policy e.g. cutting public sector pay - Impact of infrastructure decisions e.g. removing rail connections
• The lowest public sector expenditure category: Environment protection - £13.9 billion in 2022-2023
• Highest public sector expenditure: Social protection £318.8 billion in 2022-2023
• Towns Fund - 2019 In 2019 the towns fun aimed to invest £3.6 billion into over 100 towns as part if the government's plan to level up the regions.
• Jalousie basic facts Jalousie is a slum neighbourhood in the suburbs of Port Au Prince, the capital of Haiti, an LIDC. Jalousie has an estimated population of 80,000
• Cambridge is a city with a population of around 145,000 people in southern UK, an AC
• Jalousie vs Cambridge Population Density (persons per hectare) Cambridge: 28 Jalousie: 1,800
• Jalousie vs Cambridge Life Expectancy Cambridge: 80 years Jalousie: 64 years
• Jalousie vs Cambridge literacy rate Cambridge: 99% Jalousie: 62%
• Jalousie vs Cambridge Doctors per 1000 people Cambridge: 3.18 Jalousie: 0.23
• Jalousie vs Cambridge access to clean running water Cambridge: 99.8% of households Jalousie: 25% of households
• Percentage of people who live in slums in Haiti and Jalousie Haiti: 73% Jalousie: 100%
• How many houses in Jalousie have been noted pose a danger? 1300 should be moved because of the frequency of mudslides on the Morne L'hôpital mountain.
• How much money do people in Jalousie pay for water? 26p per 5 gallon (11kg) bucket
• Where is Jalousie located? It's in the capital of Haiti, Port au Prince. Next to Pétionville, one of the wealthiest areas of Haiti