4-6

• Essence


  The essence of technology is not something we make; it is a mode of being or of revealing
• Challenging


  The mode of revealing of modern technology
• Physis


  Arising of something from itself, a bringing-forth or poieses
• Expediting


  The challenging that brings forth the energy of nature; make an action or process that is 100% accomplished
• Standing in Reserve


  Term used by Heidegger to name the things that are revealed in modern technology
• Objects


  Things that "stand against us" as things with autonomy
• Enframing


  The essence of modern technology
• Frame


  The network of interlocking things standing in reserve
• Eudaimonia


  Good fortune; material prosperity; a situation achieved through virtue, knowledge, and excellence
• Eudaimonia is constituted not by honor or wealth power but by rational activity in the virtues of character, the intellectual virtues, mutually beneficial friendships, and scientific knowledge
• Plato's Three Motivating Parts of the Soul

  • Rational
  • Spirited
  • Appetitive
• Aristotle's View


  All humans seek to flourish - the proper and desired end of all of our actions
• Four Aspects of Human Nature


  • Physical
  • Emotional
  • Social
  • Rational
• Living Rationally (Consciously)


  Means dealing with the world conceptually and implies respect for the facts of reality
• Plato and Socrates emphasized on virtue
• Epicurus emphasized on pleasure
• Aristotle views the good life as happiness
• Christian Martyrs went singing to their deaths confident that they would soon be in heaven
• Hindus expect that the law of karma will ensure that their good deeds and intentions will be rewarded
• Hedonism


  View that pleasure is what makes life worth living
• Epicure


  Someone who is especially appreciative of food and drink
• Hedonist


  Suggests that they are devoted to what some have called the lower pleasures such as sex, food, drink, and sensual indulgence in general
• Hedonistic Conception


  Arguably dominant in Western Culture. It emphasizes subjective experiences. In this view, to describe a person as happy means that they feel good.
• Happiness


  Something we value not as a means to some other end but for its own sake. It has intrinsic value rather than instrumental value
• Michael Soupios and Panos Mourdoukoutas have written the Ten Golden Rules on Living a Good Life
• Theory of Forms


  Proposes that universals do not physically exist like objects but as heavenly forms
• Platonism


  The meaning of life is attaining the highest form of knowledge which is the Idea of the Good
• Public Good


  Public in the sense that the beneficiaries are the general public
• Robot


  Androids; a combination of different attributes such as mobility, intelligent behavior, sense, and manipulation of environment
• Robota


  Work from Slavic language
• Mechanical Human (Ancient Time)


  • As depicted in Greek Mythology
• Servants of Greek God Hephaestus (God of Fire and the Forge)


  • Built robots out of gold which where his helpers and life-sized golden handmaidens who helped around the house
• Pygmalion


  • Carefully crafted a statue of Galatea that would come to life
• Leonardo da Vinci (1495)


  • Sketched plans for a humanoid robot
• Social Robot


  Infant versions, at best, of the long-hoped-for androids
• Materialism


  Organisms are made simply of various types of matter; a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world
• Three Laws of Robotics


  • May not injure a human being
  • Must obey any orders given to it by human beings
  • Must protect its own existence
• South Korea is considered one of the most high-tech countries in the world and they are leading the way in the development of the Robot Ethics Charter
• Aibo


  • Sony's higher-end robot which sold well
• According to Philosopher John Leslie, there is a 30% risk of human extinction