Cellular Organelles

• Nucleus


  largest and most obvious membrane
• bound compartment


  controls cell activities
• Nucleolus


  a darkened region where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
• Chromosomes


  consist of DNA wrapped around proteins
• Chromosomes contain DNA, and the DNA contains hereditary materials.
• Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Nuclear pores

  Parts of the Nucleus:
• Nuclear envelope


  a double membrane; separates the nucleus from the other parts of the cell
• Nucleoplasm


  jelly-like substance inside the nucleus
• Nuclear pores


  control the entry and the exit of materials
• The literal meaning of chromosome is colored body.
• histones


  most common protein
• DNA is coiled around histones in a regular pattern that produces structures called nucleosomes.
• Rough Er And Smooth Er


  Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough Er


  presence of ribosomes; responsible for the synthesis of protein
• Smooth Er


  responsible for the synthesis of steroids and other lipids and detoxification of drugs snd other toxic materials
• Ribosomes


  protein synthetic machinery
• Golgi Apparatus


  responsible for packaging or transfer protein
• Transport Vesicles


  fuse with the golgi and dump their contents into the golgi
• Secretory Vesicles


  leave the golgi and move to plasma membrane where they fuse and dump their contents outside; used for excretion
• Lysosomes


  suicide bags of he cell
• ribosomes

  what is responsible for the synthesis of the protein?
• Particles can be taken into the cell by phagocytosis and vesicle fused with lysosome.
• glyoxisomes


  contains enzymes that convert fats into carbohydrates
• peroxisomes


  used for removing reactive compounds from the cytoplasm
• mitochondria 


  powerhouse of the cell
• cristae


  inner membrane folded into inward projections
• matrix and intermembrane space


  two spaces within the mitochondrion
• chloroplast


  sites of photosynthesis contains chlorophyll
• centrioles


  part of the specialized region of the cell called centrosome
• microtubules


  move chromosomes during cell division
• cytoskeleton


  helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
• actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments


  3 components of cytoskeleton
• flagella and cilia


  only animals possess this to be able to move from one place to another
• flagella


  move with whip-like movements
• cilia


  have a more regular stroke
• vacuole


  store substances that is not needed yet by the cell
• cell wall


  outing covering of the plant cell
• cellulose


  what is cell wall made of?
• cell plate


  dividing walls between the two new cells built by the plant cell during cell division
• middle lamela


  adhesive layer laid down between the new cell walls