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• How Snowball and Napoleon send word of the rebellion

  Send pigeons to other farms to spread the word of the rebellion and incite other animals to rebel against their human owners
• Mr. Pilkington


  Owner of Foxwood, a large, neglected farm adjacent to Animal Farm. He represents the capitalist governments of the West.
• Mr. Frederick


  Owner of Pinchfield, a smaller and better-managed farm. He is shrewd and unscrupulous, representing the fascist governments.
• Snowball is injured during the Battle of the Cowshed when he is grazed by pellets from Mr. Jones's shotgun.
• Snowball's big idea


  To build a windmill that would generate electricity to ease the animals' workload and improve their quality of life
• How Squealer justifies Napoleon's behavior

  Using persuasive language, manipulating facts, and invoking fear, often claiming Napoleon's actions are in the animals' best interests and for the good of Animal Farm
• Why Napoleon opposes the windmill

  Initially because he views it as a distraction from food production and wants to undermine Snowball's leadership. Later, he supports it to consolidate power by claiming it was his idea all along.
• When Napoleon gives a whimper, it signals the attack by his trained dogs, who chase Snowball off the farm, solidifying Napoleon's control.
• Mr. Whimper


  A solicitor from Willingdon who acts as an intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, helping the pigs trade with human society.
• Boxer's two slogans


  • "I will work harder"
  • "Napoleon is always right"
• Squealer claims "Beasts of England" has been outlawed because the rebellion is complete and the song is no longer needed. In reality, it's to suppress dissent and maintain control.
• Squealer announces that Snowball's role in the Battle of the Cowshed has been exaggerated and that he was actually in league with Mr. Jones, thus revising history to discredit Snowball.
• The new windmill is constructed with thicker walls to make it sturdier and more resistant to attacks.
• The animals are shocked because Napoleon had previously denounced Mr. Frederick as an enemy and preferred Mr. Pilkington. Selling the timber to Mr. Frederick is a betrayal of their trust.
• Napoleon is not dying; he is suffering from a severe hangover after a night of drinking alcohol.
• Mr. Frederick betrays Napoleon by paying for the timber with counterfeit money and then attacking Animal Farm, destroying the windmill.
• The animals prefer Mr. Pilkington because they view him as less aggressive and treacherous compared to Mr. Frederick, who has deceived them and attacked their farm.
• The animals don't feel victorious because they have suffered heavy losses, including the destruction of the windmill, and their victory seems hollow given the sacrifices.
• The commandment "No animal shall kill any other animal" is altered to "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause" to justify Napoleon's purges.
• New rules introduced include that pigs are allowed to drink alcohol, sleep in beds, wear clothes, and engage in trade with humans, all contrary to the original principles of Animalism.
• The farm is declared a republic, with Napoleon unanimously elected as president.
• Moses, the raven, returns to the farm and continues to preach about Sugarcandy Mountain, a paradise for animals after death, offering false hope.
• The "Spontaneous Demonstrations" are ironic because they are carefully organized and orchestrated by the pigs to appear spontaneous, showcasing the pigs' control over the animals.
• Benjamin cynically remarks that life on the farm is no better under the pigs' rule than it was under Mr. Jones, highlighting the unchanged oppression.
• Mr. Pilkington praises Animal Farm for its efficiency and discipline, implicitly admiring the pigs' totalitarian methods.
• Squealer trains the sheep to bleat "Four legs good, two legs better" to drown out any dissent and support the pigs walking on two legs.
• Napoleon changes the name of the farm back to "Manor Farm," the original name before the rebellion.
• It symbolizes the pigs' complete assimilation into human ways and their indistinguishability from the humans they initially rebelled against, highlighting the betrayal of the revolution's ideals.
• The animals are confused because they can no longer distinguish between the pigs and the humans, realizing that the pigs have become just as oppressive as the humans they replaced.
• Allegory


  A fictional story that represents and critiques real-life political events and ideologies
• Animalism


  The ideology of communism as envisioned by Karl Marx, promoting the idea of a society where all animals are equal and free from human oppression
• George Orwell's message in Animal Farm

  • A cautionary tale about the dangers of totalitarianism and the corrupting influence of power
  • Betrayal of revolutionary ideals
  • Manipulation and propaganda used to control the populace
  • Critique of class structures and the inevitability of class struggles
• Themes in Animal Farm

  • Corruption of power
  • Betrayal of ideals
  • Class stratification
  • The role of propaganda
• Motifs in Animal Farm

  • Songs and slogans
  • The windmill
  • The Seven Commandments
• Significance of the ending of Animal Farm

  Reveals the complete transformation of the pigs into the very oppressors they initially overthrew, highlighting the betrayal of the revolution's ideals and Orwell's critique of totalitarianism
• These lines are from the final chapter of George Orwell's "Animal Farm."
• The scene takes place during a dinner party where the pigs, who now control the farm, are hosting human farmers. The other animals on the farm watch the event from outside the farmhouse window.
• This passage encapsulates the culmination of the novel's central theme: the corruption and betrayal of revolutionary ideals. The animals' inability to tell pigs from humans symbolizes the complete transformation of the pigs into the very tyrants they once opposed.
• Boxer's words reflect his unwavering dedication to the cause of Animal Farm and his naive trust in the leadership. His mention of looking forward to retirement reveals his belief in the pigs' promise that he would be allowed to retire peacefully once his work was done.
• Orwell uses Boxer's character to demonstrate how totalitarian regimes exploit and discard loyal and hardworking individuals once they are no longer useful.