M1-L6 Care of Family When Child Has Infectious Disorder

• Pathogen

  • is any organism that causes disease.
•  five types of microorganisms

  • viruses
  • bacteria
  • rickettsiae
  • helminths
  • fungi
• Stages of Infectious disease

  Incubation period

  Prodromal period

  Illness

  Convalescent period
• Incubation period


  The time between the invasion of an organism and the onset of symptoms of infection.
• Prodromal period

  • time between the beginning of nonspecific symptoms and disease-specific ones. 
• Illness 


  The stage during which specific symptoms are evident.
• Convalescent period


  The interval between when symptoms first begin to fade and the child returns to full wellness.
• Pus


  the action of phagocytes on organisms produces
• phagocytic (cell-engulfing) action

  • When a foreign organism (antigen) is identified, it can be destroyed by the (what type of action) of white blood cells or by activation of the body’s immune system.
• Phagocytes

  • are unique white blood cells that are capable of cell destruction.
  • The cells responsible for this function are:
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes - serve as backup cells for phagocytosis.
• Nosocomial or health care-associated infections (HAI) 


  are infections that are contracted while in a hospital or other health care setting.
• Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions for Infection Control


  Droplet Precautions

  Contact Precautions

  Airborne Precautions
• Airborne Precautions


  It reduces the risk of small-particle organisms being transmitted through the air.
• Airborne Precautions - Examples


  Place the patient in an isolation room that is not air conditioned or where air is not circulated to the rest of the health care facility. 

  Make sure the room has a door that can be closed. 

  Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient and in the patient’s room. 

  Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. 

  Place a surgical mask on the patient who must be moved.
• Droplet Precautions

  • It reduce the risk of pathogens being spread through large particle
  • Large droplets do not remain suspended in the air for long periods and generally travel only short distances, so close proximity is required for spread of disease.
• Droplet Precautions - examples

  • Place the patient in an isolation room. 
  • Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient. 
  • Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas.
  • If the patient must be moved, place a surgical mask on the patient.
• Contact Precautions


  reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens by direct contact such as skin-to-skin contact (shaking hands) or indirect contact through an intermediate object such as a comb or soiled dressing.
• Contact Precautions - examples

  • Place the patient in an isolation room and limit access. 
  • Wear gloves during contact with patients and with infectious body fluids contaminated items. Reinforce handwashing throughout the health facility. 
  • Wear two layers of protective clothing. 
  • Limit movement of the patient from the isolation room to other areas. 
  • Avoid sharing equipment between patients. 
  • Designate equipment for each patient, if supplies allow. If sharing equipment is unavoidable, clean and disinfect it before use with the next patient.
• Viruses

  • are smallest infectious agents known.
  • cannot be seen through an ordinary microscope.
  • not true cells because they contain either ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but not both.
  • viruses increase in number by replication