PC (Finals)

• Netiquette


  Convention for social and professional behavior in order to succeed in society, in professional, and in academic life
• Descriptive Norms


  Perception of how the majority of us actually behave
• Injunctive Norms


  Strategies imposed about 'the' appropriate behavior in a given situation-i.e. FTL
• Netiquette For Students: Do's


  • Be Scholarly
  • Be Respectful
  • Be Professional
  • Be Polite
• Netiquette For Students: Don'ts


  • Doing the Discussion Forum Tasks as a mere compliance
  • Sharing to other class your online interactions in one of your classes for hasty generalization
  • Using profanity or participating in hostile interactions
  • Using sarcasm, being rude or writing in all capital letters
• Research


  A scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic
• The Research Process


  1. Formulating the Research Problem

  2. Extensive Literature Survey

  3. Developing the Hypothesis

  4. Preparing the Research Design

  5. Collecting Data

  6. Analysis of Data

  7. Testing of Hypothesis

  8. Generalization and Interpretation

  9. Reporting a Research
• Literature Review


  Surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by doing so, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated
• Importance of Literature Review


  • It describes the relationship of each work to the others under consideration
  • It identifies new ways to interpret prior research
  • It reveals any gaps that exist in the literature
  • It resolves conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies
  • It identifies areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort
  • It points the way in fulfilling a need for additional research
  • It locates your own research within the context of existing literature
• Ways to Organize a Literature Review


  • Chronology of Events
  • By Publication
  • Thematic
  • Methodological
• Citation


  The means by which credit is given to researcher and writers upon using their work in our papers
• Two Styles in In-Text Citation

  • Author-Date Citation
  • Parenthetical Citation
• Referencing


  Citing authorities or support especially in a book or paper
• Plagiarism


  Deliberate or reckless representation of another's words, thoughts, or ideas as one's own without attribution
• Plagiarism Varieties


  • Direct Plagiarism
  • Self-Plagiarism
  • Mosaic Plagiarism
  • Accidental plagiarism
• How to Avoid Plagiarism


  • Carefully outline your paper before writing, making clear which source is yours or which comes from the outside
  • Properly double-check your bibliography making sure you included all the needed information in the right order
  • Scrutinize your sources by determining the author's voice in his or her field, the author's affiliation, and the novelty of the author's information
  • Do not rush as you neglect to acknowledge your source
  • Include the full reference details of each source and acknowledge the work of others
• RRL: Review of Related Literature


  A critical analysis of the existing research and literature relevant to a particular topic
• RRS: Related Research Studies


  Specific studies or research projects that are relevant to the topic being discussed
• Accidental plagiarism is the neglect of citing sources by misquoting and paraphrasing without giving due credit to authors
• Mosaic plagiarism is quoting another’s work without quotation marks, or replacing words in another’s work with synonyms retaining the same thoughts and meaning
• Self-Plagiarism is the submission of your own previous work as part of a current assignment without permission
• Direct Plagiarism is taking of another person’s ideas word for word without giving proper citation
• Paraphrase is rephrasing an author's exact words into different words while still conveying the original meaning.