Understanding the Self

• "Love"

  Philo
• "Wisdom"

  Sophia
• is an active pursuit of wisdom.

  Philosophy
• is a human search for meaning of life

  Philosophy
• The self is seen as a body-soul compound with the rational soul as immaterial, immortal, immutable, distinct, and far superior to the body.

  The Self in the Greek Philosophy
• The formation of the self primarily consists of the nourishment of the rational soul of the self.

  The Self in the Greek Philosophy
• According to him, self is a moral being.

  Socrates
• His philosophy is centered on the moral aspect of man, on how man should live a good moral life or happiness.

  Socrates
• According to him, happiness without morality is impossible.

  Socrates
• A philosopher says, to live rationally.

  Socrates
• According to him, the self must focus on improving quality of the soul or moral life instead of indulging in material things.

  Socrates
• According to him, the improvement of the soul can be achieved through the quest for wisdom and truth. Knowledge equals virtue.

  Socrates
• According to him, the self is a rational substance consisting of body and soul.

  Plato
• derived from the world of ideas.

  Soul
• derived from the world of matter.

  Body
• is essentially a soul imprisoned in a body.

  Man
• tripartite of the soul

  Head Heart Stomach
• element of reason

  Head
• emotional drives

  Heart
• bodily appetite, desire, needs

  Stomach
• A philosopher, tripartite of the soul

  Plato
• Theocentric approach

  The Self in the Medieval Philosophy
• God and faith in Him is primary, and the self is secondary because the self owed its origin to God.

  The Self in the Medieval Philosophy
• Human truth is subordinate to

  Divine Truth
• Human reason is meant to

  Strengthen the Faith
• Influenced by Plato’s philosophy

  St. Augustine
• St. Augustine's two cities: City of the ___ and the City of the ___

  God World
• According to him, the self is composed of the body, soul, and spirit.

  St. Augustine
• The modern philosophy affirmed the dignity and worth of man with regard to the power of his reason to know the truth of his nature.

  The Self in Modern Philosophy
• Extreme dualistic separation of mind and body.

  Rene Descartes
• His idea on self is centered on the concept of substance.

  Rene Descartes
• it refers to anything that exists in itself.

  Substance
• Rene Descartes: to kinds of substance.

  Infinite Finite
• Man is a finite substance known as the __________: body and mind.

  Cartesian Dualism
• Thinking is primarily a spiritual activity and does not require the body as a medium.

  Rene Descartes
• I think, therefore, I am.

  Cogito Ergo Sum
• The self is nothing else but a thinking thing or a machine that thinks.

  Rene Descartes
• A British philosopher

  John Locke
• The source of authentic knowledge of reality must pass the test of sensory experience.

  John Locke
• Knowledge cannot be innate because mind is like a blank sheet of paper.

  John Locke