3.1.1.1 water + carbon as natrual systems

• Open systems are when systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of energy or matter with other systems.
• Closed systems are when energy inputs equal outputs + no matter is transferred in/out
• Dynamic equilibrium in a system is when inputs equal outputs despite changing conditions
• On a local scale the carbon and water cycles are both open systems, but on a global scale, they are closed systems
• Percolation - Water moves from the ground or soil into porous rock or rock fractures.
• Throughflow - Flow of water through the soil
• Groundwater Flow - Flow of water through the rocks below water table
• The soil water budget shows the annual balance between inputs and outputs in the water cycle. The soil water budget also shows how inputs and outputs impact soil water storage and availability.