Lesson 1 The Scope of Psychology

• Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
• overt behavior can be observed, measured, recorded, and analyzed
• goals of psychology- describe, explain, predict, and control human behavior
• beginning of psychology as a science started in 1879
• Wilhelm Wundt is the Father of Modern Psychology
• Rene Descartes introduced the concept of reflex action
• John Locke laid the foundation of the Behaviorist branch of psychology
• James McKeen Cattell, first professor of psychology
• William McDougall defined psychology as "science of behavior"
• two main schools in the beginning of psychology- structuralism and functionalism
• 7 schools of thought today- Psychodynamics/Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, The Humanistic Perspective, The Cognitive Approach, The Biological Approach, The Sociocultural Approach, Evolutionary Psychology
• "mental facilities"- perceiving, remembering, reasoning, knowing, and willing
• Structuralism- focused on sensations, feelings, and images as the elements of consciousness
• Functionalism- inquired into what the mind does, not what it is
• Gestalt Psychology- "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
• Psychoanalysis- "talking out" or free association method
• Behaviorism- emphasized conditioned reflexes as elements of behavior
• The Humanistic Approach- emphasized the importance of psychological needs and self-actualization
• The Cognitive Approach- emphasizes the study of mental processes such as intelligence, thinking, perception, and memory
• The Biological Approach- observe physiological changes that took place together with psychological processes
• Evolutionary Psychology- get insights into our evolution as a species to fully understand ourselves
• The Sociocultural Approach- focuses on the social and cultural influences on behavior
• Sikolohiyang Filipino- refers to indigenous developments in the field from the Philippine perspective
• Clinical Psychology - the study and treatment of personality disorders and breakdown in behavior
• Community Psychology - specialization is mental health in the community
• Counseling Psychology - career, parent-child relationship, love and marriage, etc.
• Development Psychology - studies all aspect of development from conception to old age
• Education Psychology - study of development and the motivational and emotional aspect of children's behavior
• Experimental Psychology - investigates and experiments on the physiological aspect of behavior
• Industrial Psychology - apply psychological knowledge to the problems of business and industry
• human engineering - concerned with man-machine relations
• Personality Psychology - concerned with the personality characteristics of individuals that may lead to understanding their behavior
• Psychometric Psychology - measures and evaluates individual and group behavior
• Social Psychology - study ways to measure and change people's attitudes and beliefs
• Forensic Psychology - work within the legal, judicial, and correctional systems
• Physiological Psychology - seeks to examine the biological bases of behavior
• Environmental Psychology - examines how environmental factors influence our feelings, actions, and health
• Naturalistic Observation - the person is seen in real-life conditions without the awareness that he is being observed
• Documentary Research - learns new facts and principles through collection and analysis of documents and records
• Correlation Approach - determines whether or not events are related