protista

• eukaryotic origins are earliest fossils found to be under domain bacteria and most likely cyanobacteria
• living eukaryotes have cell 10 um or greater
• characteristics of eukaryotes (CMCFCMSC) are cell with nuclei, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, flagella and cilia, chromosomes organized by histones, mitosis, sexual reproduction, cell walls
• characteristics of protists: over 100,00 species, many live as parasites, eukaryotes that are not animals, plants or fungi
• characteristics of protists (CMMLH) MAIN: cell structure, metabolism, motility, life cycle, habitat
• cell structure characteristics may be envelope animal-like cell membrane or plant-like cell walls
• metabolism characteristics are aerobic or anaerobic and autotrophic or heterotrophic
• metabolism characteristic: ingest particles by phagocytosis example is amoeba
• motility characteristic: flagella, cilia, pseudopodia
• life cycle characteristics: asexual reproduction like binary fission, can be divided by transverse or longitudinal
• life cycle characteristic: unicellular into haploid form and multicellular to diploid form
• habitat characteristic: aquatic like freshwater and marine environment
• habitat: few are in dead organisms or their waste
• group of protist (AAORCE): Archaeplastida, Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta, Rhizoria, Chromalveolata, Excavata
• Archaeplastida are red algae and green algae and has variety of algal life cycle
• Glaucophytes are archaeplastida
• Amoebozoa have broad pseudopodia
• Amobozoa are free-living and parasitic species
• Gymnamoeba and slime molds are example of amoebozoa
• Opisthokonta has flagellum
• opisthokonta has choanoflagellates that include unicellular and colonial forms
• Rhizaria has thin, root-like pseudopodia
• Rhizaria are important in carbon and nitrogen cycles
• Rhizaria has forminiferans or forams like tiny snails
• Chromalveolata lack plastid genes
• Chromalveolata has 2 types: alveolates and stramenophiles
• dinoflagellates generates light
• stramenophiles is a marine algae and heterotrophic protists
• stramenophiles have textured and hairy flagellum
• excavata os asymmetrical and single celled protist
• excavata have three types: diplomonads, euglenozoans, parabasalids
• diplomonads lack mitochondria and grow in anaerobic environment
• diplomonads have 4 pairs of locomotor flagells
• euglenozoans are parasites, heterotrophs, autotrophs and mixotrophs
• euglenozoans are 10 - 500 um
• euglenozoans have 2 long flagells