M1 GED0035

• Globalization


  The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and world space (Manfred B. Steger)
• The term "globalization" gained popularity in 1983 through Theodore Levitt
• Globalization as a concept and a phenomenon has been talked about and has been in existence long before 1983
• Pre-Globalization Era - The Silk Road


  1. People engaged in trade

  2. Creation of the Silk Road (Han Dynasty)

  3. Global trade links formed on land
• Pre-Globalization Era - The Spice Route


  1. Spice route established (Vasco Da Gama)

  2. Spice trade mainly done by sea

  3. Opened up more global trade links between countries
• Pre-Globalization Era - The Age of Discovery


  1. Discoveries and innovations of the Scientific Revolution

  2. European explorers connected East and West

  3. Colonization of many territories

  4. Culture, beliefs, goods passed around causing major shifts
• Globalization 1.0


  First Industrial Revolution, rise of factories, use of water and steam power to mechanize production, led by the British Empire
• De-Globalization


  Period of collapse of globalization, World War I and II, millions died, developments halted, countries closed borders
• Globalization 2.0


  Second Industrial Revolution, emphasis on electric power for production, technologies like cars, airplanes became more accessible, led by US and Soviet Union
• Globalization 3.0


  Third Industrial Revolution, emphasis on electronics and information technology to automate production, more technologies accessible, led by US
• Globalization 4.0


  Fourth Industrial Revolution, 2008, emphasis on blurring lines between digital, physical and biological, led by US and China
• Domains of Globalization


  • Economic
  • Political
  • Cultural
  • Information
• The leading nations of globalization in the current era (Globalization 4.0) are the United States and China
• John Levin


  Domains of globalization behavior 
• Economic


  The globalization is about increased free trade, faster trading, creation of global economic organizations and trade blocks 
• Political


  Globalization is seen as a challenge to the nation state, a strengthening of regional blocks, an emergence of global political norms, and an emergence of corporations as entities with considerable power and influence. 
• Cultural and Information


  Globalization is viewed as the creation of a global village, using technology to make the world a “smaller place”, and the prevalence of cultural imperialism.