heart & neck (2nd sem, finals)

• TRICUSPID VALVE located on the right side of the heart, has three leaflets and prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium
• BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE located on the left side of the heart, has two leaflets and prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle to the left atrium
• it prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle

  PULMONIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
• it prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

  AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
• Quadruple rhythm, S3 S4 with fast rate is called a summation gallop
• THRILLS causes: murmur
• PALPABLE LIFTS OR HEAVES causes: right ventricular hypertrophy
• A cone-shaped muscle with four chambers

  The Heart
• A faint, clear, rhythmic tapping noise that gradually increases in intensity

  Phase I
• A swishing sound that is heard as the vessel distends with blood

  Phase II
• Sounds become more intense

  Vessel is open in systole but not in diastole


  Phase III
• Sounds begin to muffle, and pressure is closest to diastolic arterial pressure

  Phase IV
• Sounds disappear because vessel remains open

  Phase V
• four techniques of physical assessment to assess the cardiovascular system

  (IAPP) inspection, auscultation, palpation and percussion
• Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in the blood becomes too high
• Hyperkalemia is when you have too much potassium in your blood.
• Hypervolemia is a condition where your body has too much fluid.
• Dextrocardia is a condition in which the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest
• (Angina Pectoris)

  • Chest pain resulting from?

  myocardial ischemia
• An inflammation of the visceral or parietal pericardium, resulting in cardiac compression, decreased ventricular filling and emptying, and cardiac failure

  pericarditis