STS 1 to 3 lessons

• According to Schultz (2016), there are four stages of technology, these are
• four stages of technology

  1. Proto-technology
  2. Classical technology
  3. Modern technology
  4. Post-modern technology
• INFORMATION AGE ● Typically described by the change from traditional industry to an economy based computerization.
• HISTORY OF INFORMATION AGE 1. Pre-gutenberg World 2. Gutenberg Revolution 3. Post Gutenberg World 4. Rise of Digital Age
• Johannes Gutenberg - a german publisher who introduced “movable type of printing”
• Internet Revolution - the internet had its roots during the 1960’s as a project of the United States government’s department of defense, to create a non-centralized network. This project was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
• created by the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency established in 1969 to provide a secure and survivable communications network for organizations engaged in defense-related research.
• the standard protocol was invented in 1977 and was called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol or Internet Protocol)
• TCP/IP allowed users to link various branches of the other complex networks directly to the ARPANET which soon came to be called THE INTERNET.
• ARPANET: world's first operational network
• Berners-Lee invents the Web: In 1989, English Scientist, Tim Berners-Lee (1955-) began work on a system he would eventually call the World Wide Web.
• Berners-Lee designed a standard set of protocols. > Rules that create an exact format, or pattern of arrangement, for communication between systems. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) became the standard communications language on the Web.
• HTTP - transferring files on WWW.
• Hypertext - any text that can link to documents in other locations.
• Hypermedia - Photos and other images, sounds, and video with links
• 1993-1995, the World Wide Web (WWW, the Web) a user-friendly information-sharing network system quietly came into being and began to spread.
• The Internet age began in the 1960s, when computer specialists in Europe began to exchange information from a main computer to a remote terminal by breaking down data into small packets of information that could be reassembled at the receiving end. The system was called packet-switching.
• > In 1993, Mosaic, a browser that adapted the graphics, familiar icons (picture symbols), and point-and-click methods became available.
• Netscape Navigator, a highly successful Web browser that gave users more comfortable Web access
• In 1995, Microsoft entered the competition with its Internet Explorer.
• Yahoo! Inc. was nothing more than a Web search index. By 1999, so many advertisers and investors had jumped on the Yahoo! bandwagon, it had become a major media company worth tens of billions of dollars.
• Amazon.com, 1995, a seller of books and other merchandise online, was valued in the multi billions long before it made its first annual profit in 2004.
• WEB 1.0 : The first iteration of the web represents the web 1.0, which, according to Berners-Lee, is the “read-only web.” The early web allowed us to search for information and read it. There was very little in the way of user interaction or content generation.
• WEB 2.0: is the term given to describe a second generation of the World Wide Web that is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media, blogging and Web-based communities.
• a second wave of Web industries arose, which came to be known as Web 2.0. The leader among them was a successful search engine called Google.
• Search engines are software programs that help users locate Web sites. They use programs, called “spiders” or “robots,” that go out and collect information, which is then stored and indexed in the search engine's Website databases.
• Blogs had emerged. A blog (derived from “Web log”) is an online commentary written by a nonprofessional writer in journal style that allows readers to respond.
• popular Web 2.0 environments are

  
  

  My space

  Youtube

  Wikipedia
• MySpace, a social networking Web site with an estimated 154 million members
• YouTube, a Web site on which users can display videos.
• Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia written and edited by its readers, grew into a several-million-article project.
• INTERNET - a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
• YAHOO – 1994, is an Internet portal that incorporates a search engine and a directory of World Wide Web sites; chat groups, instant messaging, and e-mail.
• GOOGLE - 1998 (Larry Page and Sergey Brin), search for information about (someone or something) on the Internet using the search engine.
• SKYPE – 2003, a voice over Internet Protocol software application used for voice, video and instant messaging communications.
• > WIKIPEDIA – 2001, is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
• YOUTUBE - 2004 (Chad Harley and Steve Chen), is a video sharing service that allows users to watch videos posted by other users and upload videos of their own.
• FACEBOOK - 2004 is an online social networking website where people can create profiles, share information such as photos and quotes about themselves, and respond or link to the information posted by others. Created by Mark Zuckerberg.
• TWITTER - created by Norah Glass, Jack Dorsey, Bizstone and Evan Williams in 2006 a networking website where people post and interact.
• MESSENGER - developed as facebook chat in 2008 but changed its messaging service in 2010.