Animal, plant & bacterial cells

• Eukaryotic cells

  Cells that have a nucleus where their genetic material is stored.

  Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells

  E.g animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells
• Prokaryotic cells

  • Do not have a nucleus
  • Usually smaller and simpler
  • E.g Bacteria Cells
• Nucleus


  Houses genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
• Cytoplasm


  A gel-like substance where chemical reactions occur
• Cell membrane

  Controls what goes in and out the cell
• Mitochondria

  The site of aerobic respiration, which releases energy
• Ribosomes

  Where proteins are synthesised
• Permanent vacuole

  Filled with cell sap, which supports the plant.
• Chloroplasts

  Contains chlorophyll to absorb light to make glucose by photosynthesis.
• Animal cells

  • Do not have cell walls or chloroplasts
  • Usually have smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells
• Aerobic Respiration


  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
• Photosynthesis


  Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen
• Anaerobic Respiration


  a type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• Respiration


  the process of breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide.
• Anaerobic Respiration


  Glucose -> Lactic Acid
• Organelle


  A membrane-bound structure within a cell that carries out a particular function.
• Label the organelles in the Animal cell.

  A) cell membrane

  B) cytoplasm

  C) nucleus

  D) mitochondria

  E) ribosomes

  
• Label the organelles in the Plant cell

  A) cell membrane

  B) cytoplasm

  C) nucleus

  D) mitochondria

  E) ribosomes

  F) cell wall

  G) permanent vacuole

  H) chloroplast

  
• Muscle cells - specialised for contraction

  A) mitochondria

  
• Not all plant cells have chloroplasts, for they are not present in root cells, because they do not receive any light.
• In bacterial cells, the roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts are taken over by the cytoplasm.
• Plasmids allow bacterial cells to move genes from one cell to another.
• Flagella

  tail-like structures that rotate to help some bacteria move.
• Chromosomal DNA

  A single circular strand of DNA in bacterial cells, as they don't have a true nucleus.
• Plasmid

  Small rings of DNA in bacterial cells that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
• Label the organelles:

  A) chromosomal DNA

  B) plasmids

  C) cell membrane

  D) cytoplasm

  E) ribosomes

  F) cell wall

  G) flagella

  
• cell wall (In plant cells)

  Made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell
• cell wall (In bacterial cell)

  Provides structure support to the bacteria, but Is not made of cellulose.
• Describe four differences between a bacterial cell and a plant cell.

  1. Bacterial cell doesn't have a nucleus, plant cell does.
  2. bacterial cell doesn't have chloroplasts, plant cell does.
  3. bacterial cells doesn't have mitochondria, plant cell does.
  4. bacterial cell doesn't have a permanent vacuole, plant cell does.