E SCI

• Weathering


  The mechanical and chemical process by which rocks are broken down
• Dissolution of rocks


  A chemical type of weathering
• Erosion


  • Wind blowing sand
• Pollutants


  Enhance the chances of chemical weathering among rocks
• Oxidation


  Rusting of rocks
• Hydration


  Weakens the molecular binding of minerals possessed by rocks
• Microbial activity


  A chemical type of biological weathering
• Physical weathering


  Occurs to plants and trees when roots of plants grow and exert physical forces to rocks
• Frost wedging


  Expansion of the surface of rocks due to freezing of water
• Earth's internal heat


  Continuously being generated due to constant nuclear fusion reactions of decaying radioactive elements
• Core


  Hottest part of the Earth's internal structure
• Going from crust to core


  Heat inside the earth increases
• Convection


  Process of transferring heat from its internal layer going to external layers
• Slower cooling rate of magma


  Results in formation of large crystals
• Early stage of earth

  Heat is generated through the collision of dust and particles
• Magma chambers


  Within the Earth's crust where magma accumulates
• Volcanites


  Produced when crystallization takes place on the Earth's surface
• Shear stress


  Caused by transform plate boundaries
• Mountains


  Formed due to compressional stress in two convergent plate boundaries
• Normal fault


  Occurs in two divergent plate boundaries
• Rift valleys


  Formed due to normal fault that occurs in two divergent plate boundaries
• Rocks experience tension stress


  Rocks will be pulled apart
• Compressional stress


  Happens when two convergent boundaries collided to each other
• Seafloor spreading


  The driving force of plate tectonics
• The discovery of mesosaurus and other extinct living organisms refers to evidence of life
• In seafloor spreading, formation of volcanoes will never happen
• In seafloor spreading


  Younger rocks are found in the middle due to rising up of magma while older rocks are located far from the ridge
• Seafloor spreading


  Allows the magma to rise up by creating a space and form new crust
• Glysopterist are plants that lived in tropical countries. This has been used by Alfred Wegener to prove the continental drift theory
• Continental drift


  The process of breaking apart of a huge landmass that Alfred Wegener termed as "Pangaea"
• During the formation of new ocean basins


  Mid oceanic ridges are formed
• Trench


  The deepest part of the ocean
• Mariana's trench, the deepest point of the Earth is caused by continuous subduction of pacific plate to Philippine plate
• Mountains


  Formed due to collision of two dense continental plates
• The movement of plates

  Can cause an earthquake
• Endogenic processes


  Help in reshaping the earth's surface and it explains how the surface of the earth may change over a period of time
• The movement of plates

  Affects the surface of the Earth as it may result to formation and deformation of different landforms
• In oceanic ridges


  The plates are moving away from each other giving the chance to molten rocks or magna to rise up
• Great african rift valleys


  Product of two divergent continental plate boundaries that move away from each other
• Law of Deposition


  Explains the blocking of other solid bodies to different rock layers