UTS LT

• Stress


  An internal alarm system, the body's response to a real or perceived threat
• Stress


  A combination of a (1) stressor and a (2) stress response
• Stress


  The body's and mind's reaction to everyday demands and threats; a part of daily life
• Stress


  • Can be useful or harmful, energizing or exhausting
• Eustress


  Positive stress, can help you achieve your goals
• Distress


  Negative stress, can result when there is too much pressure or trauma and you are unable to cope with it
• Categories of Stressors

  • Environmental stressors
  • Cognitive/thinking stressors
  • Personal behavior stressors
  • Life situation stressors
• Stages of Stress Response

  1. Alarm

  2. Resistance

  3. Exhaustion/Fatigue
• General Adaptation Syndrome


  • The Nervous system and Endocrine system become active during the body's response to stressors
  • The body's response is largely involuntary or automatic
• Type A personality


  Competitive, high achieving personality type most likely to develop heart disease or other significant health problems
• Type B personality


  Laid back, non-competitive personality type less likely to suffer from heart disease
• Type C personality


  Very pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones
• Type D personality


  Tendency to experience increased negative emotions across time and situations and tend not to share these emotions with others, because of fear of rejection or disapproval
• Psychoneuroimmunology


  The study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body
• Psychoneuroimmunology provides a scientific basis for the 'mind over matter', 'think yourself well' and 'positive thinking, positive health' approaches to life
• Stress (in Filipino)


  Ang tensiyon (stress) ay isang emosyonal at pisikal na reaksiyon sa pagbabago
• Social stress among Filipinos


  • Exposure to stressful life events or social environments
  • Negative physical and psychological outcomes
  • Physical illness and lower mental health
• Hiya


  Filipinos are very aware of the opinions of others and what people think of them
• Utang na loob


  Debt of gratitude, can cause stress as it refutes unconditional positive regard
• Pakikisama


  The pressure to conform causes stress
• Karangalan


  Filipinos are sensitive to attacks on their own self-esteem and dignity
• Katarungan


  Lack of justice causes stress
• Kalayaan


  Absence of "Freedom and mobility" causes stress
• Bahala Na


  "God will take care of things", improvisatory skills of Filipinos
• Lakas ng Loob


  Courage in the face of difficulties and uncertainties
• Pakikibaka


  Recognizing one's convictions, resistance or concurrent clashes
• Stressors for Filipino college students


  • Academics (difficulty of subject matter)
  • Workload
  • Time management
  • Responsibilities due to being one's own
  • Financial problems
  • Extracurricular activities
  • Parental pressure on academic performance
  • After graduation plans
  • Peer relationships
• Mental Health


  A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
• Mental Health

  • Successful performance of mental function
  • Effective functioning in daily activities
  • Productive activities
  • Fulfilling relationships
  • Ability to cope with life's challenges
  • A state of well-being
• Mental Health Continuum Model


  Ranges from being mentally healthy to having mental illness
• Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person


  • Realistic
  • Accepting
  • Autonomous
  • Authentic
  • Capable of intimacy
  • Creative
  • Good self-esteem
  • Purpose for living
  • Optimistic
  • Comfortable being alone
• Mental Illness


  A diagnosable illness that affects a person's thinking, emotional state, and behavior, and disrupts a person's ability to work and carryout other daily activities and engage in satisfying personal relationships
• Mental Disorder


  Less common, often with high severity, usually long lasting, professional help usually needed, needs to be diagnosed
• Mental Distress


  Common, caused by a problem or event, usually not severe (may be severe), usually short lasting, professional help not usually needed but can be useful, diagnosis not needed
• Biopsychosocial Model


  Integrates the psychological (the 'psycho') and the environmental (the 'social') into the traditional biomedical (the 'bio') model of health; introduced by George Engel
• Biological Aspect of Mental Health

  • The brain is made up of cells, connection amongst the cells, and various neurochemicals ("neurotransmitters")
  • The neurochemicals provide a means for the different parts of the brain to communicate
  • Different parts of the brain are primarily responsible for doing different things
  • Most things a brain does depends on many different parts of the brain working together in a network
• What happens inside the brain when it gets sick?

  1. A specific part of the brain that needs to be working on a specific task is not working well

  2. A specific part of the brain that needs to be working on a specific task is working in the wrong way

  3. The neurochemical messengers that help different parts of the brain communicate are not working properly
• Psychological Aspect of Mental Health


  Described in terms of cognitions, emotions and behaviours
• Cognitive-Behavioral Model


  Cognitive distortions, distorted/irrational thoughts leading to maladaptive behaviors; introduced by Aaron Beck
• Social Aspect of Mental Health


  The social aspects of health were described in terms of social relationships, social roles, and social environments