TIP

• Trauma: results from an event that is experienced as physically or emotionally harmful, causing lasting adverse effects on their functioning and well-being.
• Examples of trauma: (Blanch et al., 2012) poverty, system discrimination, violence against social group, all types of abuse
• Prevalence: over 25% of children with adverse childhood experiences reported physical, sexual and substance abuse in their household.
• Importance: (Kessler et al., 2010) all childhood traumas significantly associated with elevated risk of mental health disorders
• Trauma link to mental health: (Barnes et al., 2021) child abuse shown to have casual role in adult disorders: depression, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, psychosis.
• Sensory Perceptual Representations: past events experienced in recollective way. Can co-occur either physiological/emotional responses similar to past (e.g: exercise)(Lang, 1993)
• Window of Tolerance: when one can tolerate their feelings without being stressed or overwhelmed, maintaining our wellbeing. Trauma can shrink this, leading to hypo or hyperarousal. (Siegel, 1999)