DEVC 16 FINALS-CYBERNETIC & PHENO

• Director


  Responsible for managing and directing an organization's internal and external communications
• Governor


  Charged with the direction or control of an institution, society, etc.
• Effector


  Input and output mechanisms whose functions are, respectively, to receive symbolic expressions or stimuli from the external environment for manipulation by the processor and to emit the processed structures back to the environment
• Simple feedback model


  1. Energy source directing outputs

  2. Control mechanism responding to feedback

  3. Complexity of the system and nature of the output restricts the control mechanism
• output-feedback-adjustment


  fundamental process of which is the basis of cybernetics.
• Warren S. McCulloch


  He contribute to the cybernetics movement.
• Cybernetics tradition


  • Explores the concepts of feedback, control, and communication within systems
  • Examines how information flows within a system and how it can be used to regulate and control the system's behavior
• Claude Elwood Shannon


  • Has a bachelor's degree in both electrical engineering and mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1936
  • Joined Bell Telephone Laboratories and published his work "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in 1947-1948
• Information theory


  • A mathematical representation of the conditions and elements affecting the transmission and process of information
  • Has practical applications in fields such as telecommunications, data compression, error correction, and cryptography
• The Cybernetics tradition has had a significant impact on the development of technology and has shaped our understanding of complex systems in the modern world
• Information


  A measure of uncertainty or randomness
• Entropy


  A fundamental concept in information theory
• Communication channel


  The medium through which information is transmitted
• Channel capacity


  The maximum rate
• Encoding and decoding


  1. Converting information into a suitable format

  2. Recovering the original information
• Error correction


  Techniques used to detect and correct errors
• Data compression


  The process of reducing the size of data
• Mutual information


  Measures the amount of information that two random variables share
• Source coding


  The source before transmission
• Channel coding


  Involves adding redundancy
• Phenomenology


  The field of phenomenology is the study of experience or consciousness structures
• Phenomena


  The manner in which objects seem to us, how we perceive them, and the meanings that these things have for us
• Methods of phenomenology

  • Description
  • Reduction
  • Interpretation
• Existential phenomenology


  • Emerged in the 20th century as a philosophical approach that combines existentialist themes with phenomenological methods
• Dasein


  The nature of human existence
• Existential phenomenology


  • Highlighting the importance of individual perspectives, emotions, and lived encounters with the world
  • Seeking to understand how individuals experience and interpret the world around them
• Martin Heidegger


  He emphasized the importance of

  authenticity, freedom, and the search for meaning in an increasingly technological and alienating world.
• Elements of Existential phenomenology

  • Authenticity
  • Subjectivity
  • Freedom and Choice
  • Existential Themes
• Lifeworld


  An individual's experiences, including their interactions with others, cultural influences, and the environment
• Inter-subjectivity


  Emphasizes the importance of understanding how individuals construct and negotiate meaning within social contexts
• Edmund Husserl


  He us German mathematician

  who developed Social Penomenology in the early 1900s to locate the sources or essences of reality in the human consciousness
• Social phenomenology


  • Explains the reciprocal interactions that take place during human action, situational structuring, and reality construction
• Embodiment


  The role of the body in shaping social experiences
• Social construction


  Individuals actively participate in construction of social reality through their interactions and interpretations
• Critique of objectivism


  subjective experiences and meanings of individuals as central to understanding social reality.
• Intentionality


  Individuals perceptions, Interpretations
• Hermeneutics


  Approaches emphasize the importance of empathy,
• Phenomenological Tradition


  Communication as the Experience of Self and Others Through Dialogue