Lesson 3

• What are the two types of cross-cultural studies that you need to know about?

  Variation and recall of colour and variation and recall of events
• What did research by Carmichael (1932) find when showing two individual groups of participants the same pictures but with different descriptions?

  When participants were asked to draw them, the pictures reflected the language they had heard which suggests that language influences recall of events
• Which Native American tribe did Wharf study?

  The hopi Native Americans
• How did he describe the hopi language?

  As a timeless language because it does not distinguish between time scales i.e they have no way of speaking about the past present and future as separate entities
• What did Whorf argue about the Hopi tribe?

  They were unable to refer to time passing, so this intheneed the way they thought about time
• What is different about colour across cultures?

  The way in which it is perceived
• What will affect the way in which color is perceived?

  Environmental factors like culture
• What did the Safir- Whorf hypothesis say the different words we have for colour will affect?

  The way we think about, perceive and remember/recall colour
• Why do Whorf's conclusions about the Hopi tribe lack validity?

  They will almost entirely based on one individual within the community
• What did Brown and Lenneberg argue in relation to colour?

  That if a basic colour word is absent from a particular language this would affect how easily that color is recognized and recalled
• What tribe did Brown and Lennebery (1954) study?

  The Zuni Native Americans
• What were the validity issues with Brown and Lennebergs research?

  The participants may not have understood the task, or the researchers may have misunderstood the participants' answers because of the language barrier
• Which culture did Robinson(2000) investigate?

  The Berinmo people of New Guinea .
• Why did the Berinmo people have difficulty recalling and distinguishing between colours?

  Because they only have five words for different colours in their own language
• What did Heider and Oliver (1972) find in their contradictory results?

  there was no difference in a colour recognition task between the Dani tribe from New Guinea (who only have two colour words) compared to English speakers