Mutations

• Mutation:

  Change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

  Can result from DNA errors in replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or viral infections.
• Two types of mutations:

  Somatic

  Germinal

  Gene mutation

  Chromosomal mutations
• Somatic:

  occurs in the nongerminal tissues and is not inherited.
• Germinal:

  Occurs in the eggs or sperm which means that it can be inherited. It causes cancer family syndrome.
• Three posibility for Gene Mutation:

  Insertion, deletion, substitution
• 5 Possibility for Chromosomal Mutation: INDUINDETRANS

  Insertion

  Duplication

  Inversion

  Deletion

  Translocation
• Gene Mutation:

  • a change in the nucleotide sequence in a particular gene
  • one gene
  • Small scale
  • Slight structural alteration
  • Can sometimes be corrected
  • Low influence
• Chromosomal Mutation:

  • a chance in nucleotide of sequence of many genes
  • many genes
  • Serious alteration
  • difficult to correct
  • may lead to lethal disease
• For Gene Mutation substitution has the least affect while deletion and insertion has the most affect.
• Three types of chromosomal mutations are:

  • Recessive disorders
  • Sex-linked disorders
  • Human Genetic Syndromes