Psy 12

• Psychodynamic theories


  View personality
• Freud

  Psychodynamic theory
• Psychodynamic theory


  A theory put forward by Sigmund Freud in which psychic energy moves among the compartments of the personality: id, ego, and superego
• Id


  • The component of Sigmund Freud's personality approach based on his psychodynamic theory
  • Primitive drives of personality present at birth that seeks to satisfy immediate gratification and relief, such as hunger, thirst, and sex
  • Is driven by the libido (life drive) and sometimes countered by the Thanatos (death drive)
  • Control by ego and superego
  • It want to do it
• Ego


  • Component of personality seen by others that coordinates needs of id with superego & societal right and wrong
  • Component of personality that satisfy the id but deal with reality
  • The component of Sigmund Freud's personality theory containing primitive drives present at birth
  • It operates based on the reality principle, seeking to satisfy the id's desires in ways that are realistic and socially acceptable
  • The ego mediates between the id's impulses, the superego's demands, and the external world's realities
• Superego


  • Our conscious, power moral development
  • Develops when a child begins to internalize society's rules for right or wrong, forming what we normally refer to as a conscience
  • Lead to feelings of guilt or pride, depending on whether its standards are met or violated
• Psychosexual stages of development

  1. Oral: birth-1 year

  2. Anal: 2-3 year
• Oral stage


  • Where pleasure comes from to an infant
  • All pleasure comes from the mouth
  • Primary focus is on feeding and 'oral stimulation
  • Babies hungry => satisfy by mom's breast, milk bottle
• Anal stage


  • Focus on bowel and bladder control
  • Toilet training => learning to control their bodily functions => can influence personality development
  • Anal retentive: very neat, clean, orderly
  • Explosive: messy and disorganized
• Phallic


  1. 7, 8 years => puberty
• Phallic stage


  • Gender identification and understand societal gender role
  • Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girl
  • Child's sexual identity
• Oedipus complex


  A boy's desire for his mother and rivalry with his father
• Electra complex


  A girl's desire for her father and rivalry with her mother
• Latency


  7,8 – puberty
• Latency stage


  • Sexual desires are suppressed or dormant
  • Focus develop social and intellectual skill: forming friendships and acquiring knowledge
• Genital


  puberty ->
• Genital stage


  • Marks the onset of mature sexual interests and behavior
  • Seek sexual gratification through relationship others
  • Successful resolution of earlier stages leads to a healthy adult personality, capable of forming loving and meaningful relationships
• Psychoanalysis


  S.F treatment approach based on his psychodynamic theory
• Psychoanalysis


  • Aim: explore the unconscious mind and uncover repressed thoughts, feeling, and memories that may be contributing to psychological symptoms or distress
• Free association


  The psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind, without attempting to censor the content
• Free association

  • Based on that, the therapist can gain insight into the patient's unconscious processes and underlying conflict
• Freudian slips (parapraxes)


  Going to say something => end up with the things you pretend to say but didn't intend to say
• Freudian slips (parapraxes)


  • Things you want come out but you don't realize that
  • Mistakes in speech, actions that reveal unconscious thoughts or desires => provide valuable clues to a person's underlying motivations and conflicts
• Defense mechanism


  When conflict, the ego cannot deal with id => increase anxiety => defense mechanism => help people deal with anxiety
• Defense mechanism


  • In S.F's personality theory, a protective behavior that reduces anxiety
• Types of defense mechanisms


  • Repression
  • Projection
  • Displacement
  • Denial
  • Reaction formation
• Repression


  Pushing threatening or unacceptable thoughts or feelings, or memories into the unconscious mind
• Projection


  Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others
• Displacement


  • Bringing the anxiety to other place to express
  • Redirecting emotions from the original source toward a less threatening target
• Denial


  Refusing to believe what the facts are spelling out/ reality situations
• Reaction formation


  Express emotion and behavior follow the opposite tendency to alleviate anxiety
• Alfred Adler


  Emphasized the importance of feelings of inferiority in shaping personality
• Inferiority complex


  • Exaggerated feeling of inferiority
  • Lead to overcompensation or the adoption of compensatory behaviors to mask their feeling
• Individuals strive for superiority


  • Overcome the feelings of inferiority
  • Drive behavior and motivation
• Carl Jung


  Collective/ universal unconscious contains inherited, universal symbols and themes shared by all humans
• Collective unconscious elements


  • Archetypes
  • Influence human behavior, beliefs, and experience
• Karner Horn


  Emphasized the role of unconscious processes in shaping personality, particularly through her work on neurosis and the impact of early childhood experiences
• Gordon Allport


  • Understand personality through traits
  • Enduring characteristics influence behavior
• Value


  • A belief upon which a man acts by preference
  • Emphasize the role of values in guiding behavior