Endocrine system

• Endocrine Hormones: Chemical messengers that are released by glands and travel through the bloodstream to target organs
• Exocrine Glands: Secrete into ducts and excrete into the lumen of the body
• Non-Target Hormones: affect many cells throughout the body
• Target Hormones: affect specific cells
• Protein Hormone: combine with receptors on the surface of the cell membrane
• Steroid Hormone: diffuse into the cell to attach to a receptor
• Tropic Hormone: hormones that activate other glands
• Non-Tropic Hormones: stimulate tissue
• Hypothalamus Hormones:

  • Thyroid releasing hormone (TSH)
  • Cortical Releasing Hormone (CRT)
  • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
• Pituitary Gland Hormones:

  • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): target the kidneys, decrease urinary production
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): target the testes and ovaries, sperm production and follicle development
  • Lutenizing Hormone (LH): Target the ovaries and testes
• Pituitary Gland Hormones P2:

  • Prolactin: targets the mammary glands, milk production
  • Human Growth Hormone (hGH): targets all cells, fat metabolism and growth/repair
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): targets the thyroid gland to release thyroxine
  • Adrenocorticortophic Hormone (ACTH): targets the adrenal cortex to release cortisol
  • Oxytocin: targets the uterus and mammary ducts
• Adrenal Gland Hormones:

  • Cortisol: targets the cortex
  • Aldosterone: promotes sodium absorption in the kidneys
  • Epinephrine: prepares the body for fight or flight
  • Norepinephrine
• Pancreas Hormones:

  • Insuline: glucose-> glycogen
  • Glucagon: glycogen -> glucose