Overview

• Causes of Cade's Rebellion


  corruption, loss of land in France, Death of Suffolk, weakness of Henry
• What was the problem of corruption?

  royal income went to members of the royal household instead of the royal treasury, king was too poor to pay workers, free from punishment if protected by Suffolk, tax issues
• What was the problem of Suffolk's death?

  Dead body ended up on Kent's shores, believed their homes would be destroyed, Suffolk was an enemy of York and Cade used the name Mortimer
• What was the problem of Henry VI?


  didn't intervene over corruption, abused patronage
• When was Cade's Rebellion?

  May 1450
• When did York first return?

  Nov 1450
• Why did he return?

  to clear his name, to get his loans repaid, to protect his position, to bring justice and end corruption
• Explain why York wanted his name cleared when he returned


  cade had used the name mortimer, spoke highly of york in their demands, rumours york was behind it, treason etc
• explain why he wanted his loans repaid

  he was owed £26,000, hadn't been paid wages for ireland lieutenancy, somerset was being rewarded
• Why did he want to protect his position?


  he was senior noblemen, hier presumptive, wanted at least to be chief advisor, had been politically exiled
• Explain the need to return to end corruption

  he claimed to attack the 'evil men' who surrounded the king, SEP 1450 he made a public statement calling traitors to be brought to justice -- somerset?
• When was the coup on Dartford?

  1452
• causes of the coup on Dartford

  he had accused Somerset of plotting against him, seeking somerset's removal, Henry treated York unfairly, York felt somerset was going unpunished - he received rewards/positions
• What were the events of the coup of dartford?

  York marched with an armed following, propaganda issues incl an open letter to the people of shrewsbury, Kent/London didn't rise, York forced to swear an oath of allegiance to king and promise to not resort to force for political reasons, politically exiled for 18 months
• Why did the coup on dartford fail?

  economy was recovering, France campaign going well, open letters forewarned the king, London loyal to the king, Kent didn't rise maybe to harvesting of the heads
• When were the harvesting of the heads?

  1451
• When did Henry VI fall ill first?

  August 1453
• When did Henry VI first recover?

  January 1455
• What were the causes of Henry VI's illness?

  death of John Talbot and subsequent loss of Gascony in July 1453, stress from travelling and Maggie's pregnancy, hereditary condition
• When was Somerset sent to the Tower?

  23rd Nov 1453
• When was York's first protectorate?

  March 1454 - Jan 1455
• Why was a Protecter needed from 1453?

  death of John Kemp meant government couldn't function - seal was locked away
• Describe York's first protectorate

  tried to be inclusive, gained support of Neville's (made Earl of Salisbury Chancellor), kept Somerset locked in the Tower without formally charging him, had himself made Captain of Calais in Somerset's place
• Describe the reforms of York's first protectorate

  cut royal expenditure from£24,000 to £5193, persuaded wool merchants to make loans - raised £30,000, inclusive
• When was and what happened at the parliament of Leicester?

  April 1455, Yorkists not invited
• When was the first Battle of St. Albans?

  22nd May 1455
• What were the impacts of the first Battle of St. Albans?

  development of vendettas, impact on Henry/Maggie/York
• How did vendettas develop after the first battle of St. Albans?

  specific enemies of York and the Nevilles were killed (somerset, Salisbury), distrust between nobility increased
• was the impact of the first St. Albans on Henry VI?


  he was wounded and completely under control of others
• What was the impact of the first St. Albans on Maggie?

  she was now the leader of the Lancastrian party, sets up her court in Coventry with only loyal Lancastrians, she felt that York was a threat to her son
• what was the impact of the first St. Albans on York?

  he was now the king's chief advisor but had bad relations with nobles
• When was York restored as protector?

  Nov 1455
• Why was York restored as protector?

  Yorkist victory at st. Albans, promise of reform, problems in the SW, King's health, lack of an alternative
• Explain why yorkist victory helped restore York as protector?

  he had rid he kingdom of the 'evil advisor', he was chief advisor
• Explain why promise of reform helped restore York as protector?

  limits to royal expenditure, declared Gloucester (neutral noble) a 'true subject"
• Explain why problems in the SW helped restore York as protector?

  Courtenays attacked Bonvilles men and murder his lawyer, illegal actions with no response sets bad example, SW would be where invasions could happen
• Explain why the king's health helped restore York as protector?

  Henry had suffered a relapse
• Explain why lack of an alternative helped restore York as protector?

  absence of authority, York was senior male relative
• How peaceful was England 1455-1459 regarding the courtenays and the bonvilles?

  tension over who was the dominant family, Bonville married Courtenays aunt and his grandson married Salisbury's daughter, Bonvilles lawyer was attacked
• How peaceful was England 1455-1459 regarding Wales?

  Edmund Tudor seized Carmathan Castle and ended up dead