4. Obedience - Milgram’s Research

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    1. Obedience - Milgram’s Research
    Milgram (1963) - Baseline Study:
    • 40 males; newspaper ads.
    • 20-50y/o.
    • Confederate (or ‘Mr Wallace’) = ’Learner’.
    • Another confederate = ‘Experimenter’.
    • Participant = ‘Teacher’.
  • 1a. Obedience - Milgram’s Research
    Milgram (1963):
    • Learner in diff room, wired w/ electrodes.
    • Teacher told to give Learner electric shock when made mistake.
    • 15v - 450v.
    • When got to 300v, Learner banged on wall.
  • 1b. Obedience - Milgram’s Research
    Milgram (1963):
    Prod 1 = ‘please go on’.
    Prod 2 = ‘experiment requires you continue’.
    Prod 3 = ’essential to continue‘.
    Prod 4 = ‘no other choice, must go on’.
  • 1c. Obedience - Milgram’s Research
    Milgram (1963) - Results:
    • No participants stopped below 300v.
    • 12.5% stopped at 300v.
    • 65% continued to 450v.
    • Qualitative data; signs of tension.
  • 2. Obedience - Milgram’s Research
    Other Obedience Studies:
    • Hofling et al. (1966), doctor asked 22 nurses give drug overdose.
    • 95% started to before stopped.
    • Rank + Jacobson (1977), overdose of Valium.
    • More realistic, 2/18 obeyed doctor.
  • Obedience - Milgram’s Research (Evaluation)
    Strength:
    P - Milgram’s findings replicated in French documentary.
    E - documentary focused on game show; believed in pilot episode.
    E - paid to give (fake) electric shock; 80% delivered.
    L - supports Milgram‘s (1963) findings about obedience/authority, increases reliability.
  • Obedience - Milgram’s Research (Evaluation)
    Limitation:
    P - Milgram (1963) may not have tested what intended to.
    E - Orne + Holland (1968), behaved as did bc didn’t believe in set up.
    L - demand characteristics, lowers internal validity.
  • Obedience - Milgram’s Research (Evaluation)
    Strength:
    P - Sheridan + King (1972), replicated Milgram (animal study).
    E - real shocks to puppy, ordered by experimenter.
    E - 54% males + 100% females delivered what thought was fatal shock.
    L - Milgram’s (1963) study genuine as people behaved obediently even when shocks real.
  • Obedience - Milgram’s Research (Evaluation)
    Limitation:
    P - conclusions on blind obedience not justified.
    E - Haslam et al. (2014), Milgram’s participants obeyed when Experimenter said 3 prods; 4th prod disobeyed.
    E - social identity theory (SIT), obeyed when identified w/ scientific aims.
    L - SIT provides more valid interpretations of findings.
  • Obedience - Milgram’s Research (Evaluation)
    Limitation:
    P - all male participants.
    L - lower generalisability across different genders.
    Strength:
    P - replicated in animal study (Sheridan + King, 1972) and a French documentary.
    L - higher generalisability.